Lyons-Alcantara M, Mooney R, Lyng F, Cottell D, Mothersill C
Radiation Science Centre, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland.
Cell Biochem Funct. 1998 Mar;16(1):1-13. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0844(199803)16:1<1::AID-CBF754>3.0.CO;2-W.
Cultured epidermal cells from explants of skin of rainbow trout were used to study the cytological and functional changes following sublethal exposure to cadmium stress. The aim was to develop diagnostic markers for ecotoxicology. Cultures were exposed to the pollutant for 48 h. Cell structural and cytological changes were established by light and electron microscopy. Metabolic alterations were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relation between the initiation of cellular alterations and cadmium concentrations was compared in cultures exposed in commercially-available serum-free and serum-containing medium. The expression of stress proteins (metallothionein and heat shock protein) was also studied. Rainbow trout epithelial cells exposed to cadmium showed typical morphological changes indicative of cell death by apoptosis. Sublethal exposure also resulted in cellular metabolic disturbances with increased deposits of glycogen. Increased melanization was also observed. These changes appeared at lower concentrations of cadmium when cells were exposed in serum-free media than in serum-containing media. Cadmium induced the expression of heat shock proteins but not of metallothioneins. The results broadly confirm in vivo findings for cadmium toxicity and suggest that this in vitro technique may have applications in aquatic toxicology.
利用虹鳟鱼皮肤外植体培养的表皮细胞，研究亚致死剂量镉胁迫后的细胞学和功能变化。目的是开发生态毒理学的诊断标志物。将培养物暴露于污染物中48小时。通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察细胞结构和细胞学变化。通过免疫组织化学检测代谢改变。在市售的无血清和含血清培养基中培养的细胞中，比较细胞变化起始与镉浓度之间的关系。还研究了应激蛋白（金属硫蛋白和热休克蛋白）的表达。暴露于镉的虹鳟鱼上皮细胞表现出典型的形态学变化，表明细胞通过凋亡死亡。亚致死暴露还导致细胞代谢紊乱，糖原沉积增加。还观察到黑色素沉着增加。当细胞在无血清培养基中暴露时，这些变化出现在较低的镉浓度下，而在含血清培养基中则不然。镉诱导热休克蛋白的表达，但不诱导金属硫蛋白的表达。结果广泛证实了镉毒性的体内研究结果，并表明这种体外技术可能在水生毒理学中具有应用价值。
