Lenarz T
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde.
Laryngorhinootologie. 1998 Jan;77(1):54-60. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996932.
Tinnitus is still one of the most frequent symptoms encountered by the otorhinolaryngologist. Diagnosis and therapy present high demands due to the complex etiology and secondary symptoms.
In contrast to objective ear ringing with a physical sound source near the ear, tinnitus is faulty coding within the auditory system. Damage due to all kinds of causes can lead to a change of spontaneous activity in the auditory system. The result is a subjective auditory impression which is increased by further learning processes.
The aim of otorhinolaryngologic and especially audiologic diagnostic studies is to find the cause of the tinnitus. Modern methods for the objectivation of tinnitus are still experimental. The psychosomatic diagnostic studies evaluate secondary symptoms.
Acute tinnitus is treated like sudden deafness. For chronic forms, the analysis of the causes is particularly important for developing an individual consultation and therapy plan. Providing information of the patient is the first step for a sensible treatment of the symptoms. The retraining therapy represents a learning process to reduce subjective symptoms, inconvenience, and loudness. Supportive therapy includes the use of instrumentation and medication.
Acute tinnitus is often curable. However, only palliative treatment is available for chronic tinnitus. The otorhinolaryngologist plays a crucial role in the management of the disorder.
耳鸣仍是耳鼻喉科医生最常遇到的症状之一。由于病因复杂且伴有继发症状，诊断和治疗颇具挑战。
与耳旁存在物理声源的客观性耳鸣不同，耳鸣是听觉系统内的错误编码。各种原因造成的损伤可导致听觉系统自发活动发生改变。其结果是一种主观听觉感受，这种感受会通过进一步的学习过程而增强。
耳鼻喉科尤其是听力学诊断研究的目的是找出耳鸣的病因。耳鸣客观化的现代方法仍处于实验阶段。身心诊断研究评估继发症状。
急性耳鸣的治疗方法与突发性耳聋相同。对于慢性耳鸣，分析病因对于制定个性化的咨询和治疗方案尤为重要。向患者提供信息是明智治疗症状的第一步。再训练疗法是一个减轻主观症状、不适和响度的学习过程。支持性治疗包括使用器械和药物。
急性耳鸣通常可治愈。然而，慢性耳鸣只能进行姑息治疗。耳鼻喉科医生在该疾病的管理中起着关键作用。
