Cerhan J R, Folsom A R, Mortimer J A, Shahar E, Knopman D S, McGovern P G, Hays M A, Crum L D, Heiss G
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA.
Gerontology. 1998;44(2):95-105. doi: 10.1159/000021991.
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study administered cognitive function tests to more than 14,000 middle-aged adults in 1990-1992. The battery included the Delayed Word Recall test, the Digit Symbol Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, and the Controlled Oral Word Association (Word Fluency) test. Test performance was correlated positively with education level, negatively with age, was better in women than in men, and better in managers/professionals compared with other occupations. After controlling for these factors, race and community, the findings most consistent for both sexes were that Delayed Word Recall was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, diabetes, and fibrinogen level; the Digit Symbol Subtest was associated with marital status, negatively associated with depressive symptoms, smoking status, fibrinogen level, and carotid intima-media thickness, and positively associated with alcohol drinking and FEV1; and the Word Fluency test was positively associated with marital status, alcohol drinking, sports participation, and FEV1. Most of these cross-sectional results were in the predicted direction and have biologic plausibility, but mean differences between extreme categories were small (generally on the order of 0.1 to 0.2 of a standard deviation). Longitudinal study is warranted to evaluate whether small differences in middle-age lead to larger, clinically meaningful deficits with aging.
社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究在1990 - 1992年对14000多名中年成年人进行了认知功能测试。测试组合包括延迟单词回忆测试、韦氏成人智力量表修订版的数字符号分测验以及控制口语单词联想（单词流畅性）测试。测试表现与教育水平呈正相关，与年龄呈负相关，女性优于男性，经理/专业人员优于其他职业。在控制了这些因素、种族和社区后，两性最一致的发现是：延迟单词回忆与抑郁症状、糖尿病和纤维蛋白原水平呈负相关；数字符号分测验与婚姻状况有关，与抑郁症状、吸烟状况、纤维蛋白原水平和颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈负相关，与饮酒和第一秒用力呼气量呈正相关；单词流畅性测试与婚姻状况、饮酒、体育活动参与和第一秒用力呼气量呈正相关。这些横断面结果大多符合预期方向且具有生物学合理性，但极端类别之间的平均差异较小（一般在标准差的0.1至0.2范围内）。有必要进行纵向研究，以评估中年时的微小差异是否会随着年龄增长导致更大的、具有临床意义的缺陷。
