Spelman L H, Summer P W, Karesh W B, Stoskopf M K
Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 1997 Dec;28(4):418-23.
North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam or tiletamine-zolazepam-flumazenil combinations in cooperation with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Otter Restoration Project for evaluation of physiologic changes during anesthesia. Sixteen otters received tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg/kg combined, i.m.) in 1994. Induction and recovery times were recorded and physiologic data (heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, relative oxyhemoglobin saturation, and mean arterial blood pressure) were collected at 5-min intervals. Respiratory depression developed initially in all otters, and median relative oxyhemoglobin saturation remained below 90% for the first 15 min of anesthesia. Anesthetic induction with tiletamine-zolazepam was rapid and smooth, but recovery was prolonged (median = 89 min) and characterized by persistent head motion. In 1995, flumazenil was evaluated as a partial antagonist for tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in otters. Sixteen otters were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg/kg combined, i.m.) and given flumazenil (1 mg per 25 mg of zolazepam) after 20 min. Flumazenil markedly shortened recovery time in all otters anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam (median = 65 min) with no adverse effects.
在与北卡罗来纳野生动物资源委员会水獭恢复项目的合作中，北美水獭（加拿大水獭）使用替来他明-唑拉西泮或替来他明-唑拉西泮-氟马西尼组合进行麻醉，以评估麻醉期间的生理变化。1994年，16只水獭接受了替来他明-唑拉西泮（联合用药4毫克/千克，肌肉注射）。记录诱导和恢复时间，并每隔5分钟收集生理数据（心率和心律、呼吸频率、直肠温度、相对氧合血红蛋白饱和度和平均动脉血压）。所有水獭最初都出现了呼吸抑制，麻醉的前15分钟相对氧合血红蛋白饱和度中位数仍低于90%。替来他明-唑拉西泮诱导麻醉迅速且平稳，但恢复时间延长（中位数=89分钟），其特征是头部持续运动。1995年，氟马西尼被评估为水獭替来他明-唑拉西泮麻醉的部分拮抗剂。16只水獭用替来他明-唑拉西泮（联合用药4毫克/千克，肌肉注射）麻醉，并在20分钟后给予氟马西尼（每25毫克唑拉西泮1毫克）。氟马西尼显著缩短了所有用替来他明-唑拉西泮麻醉的水獭的恢复时间（中位数=65分钟），且无不良反应。
