Juliano L M, Brandon T H
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Feb;6(1):45-53. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.6.1.45.
Reactivity to drug-related cues has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain maintenance of drug use and relapse. This study examined whether cognitions associated with drug use (the belief that nicotine is available for use) also elicit reactivity. Smokers (N = 132) were randomly assigned in a 2 (Smoking Availability) x 2 (Smoking Stimuli) factorial design. Reactivity was measured by self-reported urge and probe reaction time. A main effect for availability was found in that participants who had been told that they could smoke shortly reported greater urges than those who had been told that smoking would not be permitted for 3 hr. Moreover, smoking-related stimuli produced increases in urge ratings only when participants had been told that smoking would be available shortly. Probe reaction time, in contrast, increased in the presence of smoking stimuli only when participants were told that cigarettes were unavailable. The theoretical and treatment implications of drug availability as a moderator of cue reactivity, as well as the utility of reaction time as an index if drug use motivation, are discussed.
对与药物相关线索的反应性被认为是解释药物使用维持和复发的一种可能机制。本研究考察了与药物使用相关的认知（即认为可获得尼古丁以供使用）是否也会引发反应性。吸烟者（N = 132）按2（吸烟可及性）×2（吸烟刺激）析因设计进行随机分组。反应性通过自我报告的冲动和探测反应时间来测量。发现了可及性的主效应，即被告知很快可以吸烟的参与者报告的冲动比那些被告知3小时内不允许吸烟的参与者更强。此外，只有当参与者被告知很快可以吸烟时，与吸烟相关的刺激才会使冲动评分增加。相比之下，只有当参与者被告知无法获得香烟时，探测反应时间才会在吸烟刺激出现时增加。讨论了药物可及性作为线索反应性调节因素的理论和治疗意义，以及反应时间作为药物使用动机指标的效用。
