McGue M, Bouchard T J
Department of Psychology and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1998;21:1-24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.1.
Human behavioral genetic research aimed at characterizing the existence and nature of genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in cognitive ability, personality and interests, and psychopathology is reviewed. Twin and adoption studies indicate that most behavioral characteristics are heritable. Nonetheless, efforts to identify the genes influencing behavior have produced a limited number of confirmed linkages or associations. Behavioral genetic research also documents the importance of environmental factors, but contrary to the expectations of many behavioral scientists, the relevant environmental factors appear to be those that are not shared by reared together relatives. The observation of genotype-environment correlational processes and the hypothesized existence of genotype-environment interaction effects serve to distinguish behavioral traits from the medical and physiological phenotypes studied by human geneticists. Behavioral genetic research supports the heritability, not the genetic determination, of behavior.
本文综述了旨在描述遗传和环境因素对认知能力、人格和兴趣以及精神病理学个体差异影响的存在和本质的人类行为遗传学研究。双胞胎和收养研究表明，大多数行为特征是可遗传的。尽管如此，识别影响行为的基因的努力仅产生了有限数量的已确认连锁或关联。行为遗传学研究也证明了环境因素的重要性，但与许多行为科学家的预期相反，相关的环境因素似乎是共同抚养的亲属所不共享的那些因素。对基因型 - 环境相关过程的观察以及基因型 - 环境相互作用效应的假设存在有助于将行为特征与人类遗传学家研究的医学和生理表型区分开来。行为遗传学研究支持行为的遗传性，而非基因决定性。
