Bouchard Thomas J, McGue Matt
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
J Neurobiol. 2003 Jan;54(1):4-45. doi: 10.1002/neu.10160.
Psychological researchers typically distinguish five major domains of individual differences in human behavior: cognitive abilities, personality, social attitudes, psychological interests, and psychopathology (Lubinski, 2000). In this article we: discuss a number of methodological errors commonly found in research on human individual differences; introduce a broad framework for interpreting findings from contemporary behavioral genetic studies; briefly outline the basic quantitative methods used in human behavioral genetic research; review the major criticisms of behavior genetic designs, with particular emphasis on the twin and adoption methods; describe the major or dominant theoretical scheme in each domain; and review behavioral genetic findings in all five domains. We conclude that there is now strong evidence that virtually all individual psychological differences, when reliably measured, are moderately to substantially heritable.
认知能力、人格、社会态度、心理兴趣和精神病理学（卢宾斯基，2000）。在本文中，我们：讨论人类个体差异研究中常见的一些方法错误；介绍一个用于解释当代行为遗传学研究结果的广泛框架；简要概述人类行为遗传学研究中使用的基本定量方法；回顾对行为遗传学设计的主要批评，尤其着重于双生子和收养研究方法；描述每个领域主要或占主导地位的理论框架；并回顾所有五个领域的行为遗传学研究结果。我们得出结论，现在有强有力的证据表明，几乎所有个体心理差异，在经过可靠测量后，都具有中等至高度的遗传性。
