Cinque P, Cleator G M, Weber T, Monteyne P, Sindic C, Gerna G, van Loon A M, Klapper P E
Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
J Neurovirol. 1998 Feb;4(1):120-32. doi: 10.3109/13550289809113490.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common and severe complications of HIV infection. The virus involves the nervous system, causing encephalitis, polyradiculomyelitis and peripheral neuropathies. Due to their limited sensitivity, traditional virological approaches, such as virus isolation or antigen detection in the CSF are useful only in limited instances, e.g. CMV polyradiculopathy. The aetiological diagnosis of these disorders relies on the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by PCR and quantitative PCR may be important to establish the extent of CNS lesions and to monitor the efficacy of antiviral treatments. CMV is susceptible to various antivirals, including ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir. CMV infections of the nervous system, in particular encephalitis, however, show only a poor response to standard treatments. Drug combination treatments i.e. ganciclovir plus foscarnet, are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染是HIV感染常见且严重的并发症。该病毒累及神经系统，可引发脑炎、多发性神经根脊髓炎及周围神经病变。由于传统病毒学方法（如病毒分离或脑脊液中的抗原检测）敏感性有限，仅在有限情况下（如CMV多发性神经根病）有用。这些疾病的病因诊断依赖于通过PCR分析脑脊液，定量PCR对于确定中枢神经系统病变程度及监测抗病毒治疗效果可能很重要。CMV对多种抗病毒药物敏感，包括更昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠和西多福韦。然而，神经系统的CMV感染，尤其是脑炎，对标准治疗反应不佳。药物联合治疗（即更昔洛韦加膦甲酸钠）目前正在临床试验中进行评估。
