Righard L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Lund, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Birth. 1998 Mar;25(1):40-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-536x.1998.00040.x.
In Western countries during the 1960s and 1970s, sore nipples and insufficient milk were common problems that made it hard for mothers to maintain breastfeeding for long. This study investigated the relationship of breastfeeding problems to nursing behavior and pacifier use.
Fifty-two healthy mother-infant pairs with breastfeeding problems were referred for observation of nursing behavior to a breastfeeding clinic at the Department of Pediatrics of Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, from August 1987 to July 1989. The infants ranged in age from 1 to 17 weeks. A faulty nursing pattern was corrected as necessary. Forty mother-infant pairs with no breastfeeding problems provided a control group.
In most cases the nursing problems were related to incorrect sucking technique. The difference in technique of the study group compared with the control group was significant (p = 0.0001). The continuation of breastfeeding was poorer if the infant already had become used to bottle-feeding. Pacifier use was more common in conjunction with breastfeeding problems and in cases with a faulty superficial nipple-sucking technique.
Breastfeeding problems may be prevented by the adoption of hospital routines that do not interfere with the start of breastfeeding and by the avoidance of extensive use of pacifiers.
在20世纪60年代和70年代的西方国家，乳头疼痛和乳汁不足是常见问题，这使得母亲很难长时间坚持母乳喂养。本研究调查了母乳喂养问题与哺乳行为及安抚奶嘴使用之间的关系。
1987年8月至1989年7月，52对有母乳喂养问题的健康母婴被转诊至瑞典马尔默市马尔默综合医院儿科的母乳喂养诊所，以观察其哺乳行为。婴儿年龄在1至17周之间。必要时纠正错误的哺乳模式。40对无母乳喂养问题的母婴组成对照组。
在大多数情况下，哺乳问题与不正确的吸吮技巧有关。研究组与对照组在技巧上的差异具有显著性（p = 0.0001）。如果婴儿已经习惯奶瓶喂养，母乳喂养的持续情况会较差。在存在母乳喂养问题以及乳头浅部吸吮技巧错误的情况下，安抚奶嘴的使用更为常见。
通过采用不干扰母乳喂养开始的医院常规做法以及避免大量使用安抚奶嘴，可以预防母乳喂养问题。
