Kaya Vildan, Aytekin Aynur
Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Clinic of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
J Clin Nurs. 2017 Jul;26(13-14):2055-2063. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13617. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
To determine the effects of pacifier use on transition to full breastfeeding and sucking skills in preterm infants.
Feeding problems in preterm infants cause delays in hospital discharge, extend mother-infant reunification and increase medical cost. Nutritive sucking skills of preterm infants may develop by improving non-nutritive sucking skills and increasing sucking experiences.
A prospective, randomised controlled trial conducted in the Eastern Turkey.
Seventy infants were randomised into two groups: a pacifier group (n = 34) and a control group (n = 36). Pacifier use was applied in the preterm infants in the pacifier group, up to switching to full breastfeeding. The infants in the control group did not use pacifiers. Data were collected by a researcher using the Preterm Infant Introductory Information Form, the Preterm Infant Monitoring Form and the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. For the study, ethics committee approval, official permission and written informed consents of the families were obtained.
The time to transition to full breastfeeding (123·06 ± 66·56 hours) and the time to discharge (434·50 ± 133·29 hours) in the pacifier group were significantly shorter compared to the control group (167·78 ± 91·77 and 593·63 ± 385·32 hours, respectively) (p < 0·05). The weight at transition to full breastfeeding (1944·12 ± 275·67 g) and the weight of discharge (1956·45 ± 268·04 g) in the pacifier group were significantly lower compared to the control group (2155·58 ± 345·57 and 2159·75 ± 341·22 g, respectively) (p < 0·05). Sucking skills of the infants in the pacifier group at 48 hours after transition to oral feeding and before the discharge was better than in the control group (p < 0·05).
Pacifier use improved the sucking skills and shortened the time to transition to full breastfeeding and to discharge in preterm infants receiving complementary feeding.
Pacifier use may be recommended to accelerate transition to full breastfeeding and to improve the sucking skills in preterm infants who were fed by both oral route and complementary feeding in the neonatal intensive care units.
确定使用安抚奶嘴对早产儿过渡到完全母乳喂养及吸吮技能的影响。
早产儿的喂养问题会导致出院延迟、母婴团聚时间延长并增加医疗费用。早产儿的营养性吸吮技能可通过改善非营养性吸吮技能和增加吸吮体验来发展。
在土耳其东部进行的一项前瞻性随机对照试验。
70名婴儿被随机分为两组：安抚奶嘴组（n = 34）和对照组（n = 36）。安抚奶嘴组的早产儿在完全母乳喂养前使用安抚奶嘴。对照组的婴儿不使用安抚奶嘴。研究人员使用《早产儿基本信息表》《早产儿监测表》和《LATCH母乳喂养评估工具》收集数据。本研究获得了伦理委员会批准、官方许可及家庭的书面知情同意书。
与对照组相比，安抚奶嘴组过渡到完全母乳喂养的时间（123.06 ± 66.56小时）和出院时间（434.50 ± 133.29小时）显著缩短（对照组分别为167.78 ± 91.77小时和593.63 ± 385.32小时）（p < 0.05）。与对照组相比，安抚奶嘴组过渡到完全母乳喂养时的体重（1944.12 ± 275.67克）和出院时的体重（1956.45 ± 268.04克）显著较低（对照组分别为2155.58 ± 345.57克和2159.75 ± 341.22克）（p < 0.05）。安抚奶嘴组婴儿在过渡到经口喂养后48小时及出院前的吸吮技能优于对照组（p < 0.05）。
使用安抚奶嘴可提高早产儿的吸吮技能，并缩短其过渡到完全母乳喂养及出院的时间。
对于新生儿重症监护病房中通过经口途径和补充喂养的早产儿，可建议使用安抚奶嘴以加速过渡到完全母乳喂养并改善吸吮技能。
