Hughes W T, Sillos E M, LaFon S, Rogers M, Woolley J L, Davis C, Studenberg S, Pattishall E, Freeze T, Snyder G, Staton S
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1998 Apr;177(4):1046-56. doi: 10.1086/515252.
An immunosuppressed rat model was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of aerosolized atovaquone (administered with and without a synthetic surfactant) and to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled atovaquone in the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). After a single dose by aerosol, mean peak concentrations of atovaquone averaged 52 microg/mL in plasma and 31 microg/g in lungs of rats infected with P. carinii. When atovaquone was combined with surfactant, mean peak concentrations of 94 microg/mL in plasma and 51 microg/g in lung were achieved. Aerosolized synthetic surfactant alone significantly increased survival of rats with PCP and, when combined with atovaquone, increased plasma and lung concentrations of the drug and eradication of the organism.
使用免疫抑制大鼠模型来确定雾化喷他脒（分别在添加和不添加合成表面活性剂的情况下给药）的药代动力学，并评估吸入喷他脒在预防和治疗卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）中的疗效。经气雾剂单次给药后，感染卡氏肺孢子虫的大鼠血浆中喷他脒的平均峰值浓度为52微克/毫升，肺中为31微克/克。当喷他脒与表面活性剂联合使用时，血浆中的平均峰值浓度达到94微克/毫升，肺中为51微克/克。单独使用雾化合成表面活性剂可显著提高PCP大鼠的存活率，与喷他脒联合使用时，可提高药物在血浆和肺中的浓度，并根除病原体。
