The effect of white and filtered noise on contrast detection thresholds.

Models of the dipper effect seen in contrast discrimination experiments predict that small amounts of noise should facilitate detection of a subthreshold sinusoidal grating. Although facilitation of chromatic sine waves has been measured with chromatic or luminance noise, a facilitory effect of luminance sinusoidal gratings has not been measured, most likely because the stimulus characteristics were not tuned for revealing facilitation. The present study measures contrast detection thresholds (CDTs) of sinusoidal gratings in two-dimensional, static, band-limited white noise and low-pass and high-pass filtered noise using a two-interval forced-choice paradigm. The results show facilitation in near threshold white noise of middle frequency sinusoidal gratings, and facilitation in filtered noise of sinusoidal gratings whose frequency is far outside the pass band of the noise. Based on these results, a model of contrast detection thresholds is modified such that the facilitation is attributed to reduced observer uncertainty caused by small amounts of noise.