Friesacher H, Rux-Haase A
Pflege. 1998 Feb;11(1):15-20.
This paper critically analyses the use of the term paradigm in nursing science. The essay consists of two main sections. The "prekuhnian" meaning of the paradigm term is described in the first section. The developments in the philosophy of science are presented in conjunction with the rise of the "antipositivist turning point" and Kuhn's historical approach with its central terms (paradigm, revolution, normal science). Some central points of criticism regarding Kuhn's approach close the first section. The second section gives attention to the application of the term paradigm in nursing science, at first describing the situation in the USA and subsequently referring to Germany. The insufficient extent of discussions on questions and problems regarding the philosophy of science is elucidated in the following criticism. The examination comes to the conclusion that the application of the paradigm term to nursing science is neither possible nor is it sensible. A brief review of the prospects for nursing science concludes the essay.
本文批判性地分析了范式一词在护理科学中的使用。文章主要由两个部分组成。第一部分描述了范式一词的“前库恩式”含义。科学哲学的发展与“反实证主义转折点”的兴起以及库恩的历史方法及其核心术语（范式、革命、常规科学）一同呈现。关于库恩方法的一些核心批评要点结束了第一部分。第二部分关注范式一词在护理科学中的应用，首先描述美国的情况，随后提及德国。在接下来的批评中阐明了关于科学哲学问题的讨论不够充分的程度。考察得出的结论是，将范式一词应用于护理科学既不可能也不明智。文章最后对护理科学的前景进行了简要回顾。
