Pollitt E, Cueto S, Jacoby E R
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and Program in International Nutrition, University of California Davis, 95616, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):779S-784S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/67.4.779S.
This paper reviews three experiments on the effects of an overnight and morning fast on attention and memory processes among 9-11-y-old children. Two of the experiments focused on middle-class, well-nourished boys and girls in the United States: the third involved boys from low-income families with and without nutritional risk in Huaraz, Peru. All experiments used the same crossover design and followed similar experimental procedures to control the subjects' intakes and motor activity during the study period. The children were admitted to a research center on two different evenings, approximately 7 d apart. After arrival the children ate dinner, played table games or watched television, and went to bed. They were awakened at 0730 and, by design, were either served breakfast (approximately 2301 kJ) or not. At 1100 they took psychologic tests that assessed recall from working memory and competence in discriminating visual stimuli. At 1200 the children were discharged. The consequences of the overnight and morning fast, particularly among the children who were nutritionally at risk, included slower stimulus discrimination, increased errors, and slower memory recall. We propose that these alterations result from a state of metabolic stress in which homeostatic mechanisms work to maintain circulating glucose concentrations.
本文回顾了三项关于9至11岁儿童夜间及早晨禁食对注意力和记忆过程影响的实验。其中两项实验聚焦于美国中产阶级、营养良好的男孩和女孩；第三项实验涉及秘鲁瓦拉斯有或无营养风险的低收入家庭男孩。所有实验均采用相同的交叉设计，并遵循相似的实验程序，以控制研究期间受试者的摄入量和体力活动。孩子们在两个不同的晚上被送入研究中心，间隔约7天。到达后，孩子们吃晚餐、玩桌游或看电视，然后上床睡觉。他们于07:30被叫醒，按照设计，一部分孩子会得到早餐（约2301千焦），另一部分则没有。11:00时，他们接受心理测试，评估工作记忆的回忆能力和辨别视觉刺激的能力。12:00时，孩子们被允许离开。夜间及早晨禁食的后果，尤其是在有营养风险的儿童中，包括刺激辨别速度减慢、错误增加以及记忆回忆变慢。我们认为这些改变是由代谢应激状态引起的，在这种状态下，体内平衡机制致力于维持循环血糖浓度。
