Aubin C E, Dansereau J, Parent F, Labelle H, de Guise J A
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Med Biol Eng Comput. 1997 Nov;35(6):611-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02510968.
In the past, several techniques have been developed to study and analyse the 3D characteristics of the human spine: multi-view radiographic or biplanar 3D reconstructions, CT-scan 3D reconstructions and geometric models. Extensive evaluations of three of these techniques that are routinely used at Sainte-Justine Hospital (Montréal, Canada) are presented. The accuracy of these methods is assessed by comparing them with precise measurements made with a coordinate measuring machine on 17 thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T1-L5) extracted from a normal cadaveric spine specimen. Multi-view radiographic 3D reconstructions are evaluated for different combinations of X-ray views: lateral (LAT), postero-anterior with normal incidence (PA0 degree) and postero-anterior with 20 degrees angled down incidence (PA20 degrees). The following accuracies are found for these reconstructions obtained from different radiographic setups: 2.1 +/- 1.5 mm for the combination with PA0 degree-LAT views, and 5.6 +/- 4.5 mm for the PA0 degree-PA20 degrees stereopair. Higher errors are found in the postero-anterior direction, especially for the PA0 degree-PA20 degrees view combination. Pedicles are found to be the most precise landmarks. Accuracy for CT-scan 3D reconstructions is about 1.1 +/- 0.8 mm. As for a geometric model built using a multiview radiographic reconstruction based on six landmarks per vertebra, accuracies of about 2.6 +/- 2.4 mm for landmarks and 2.3 +/- 2.0 mm for morphometric parameters are found. The geometric model and 3D reconstruction techniques give accurate information, at low X-ray dose. The accuracy assessment of the techniques used to study the 3D characteristics of the human spine is important, because it allows better and more efficient quantitative evaluations of spinal dysfunctions and their treatments, as well as biomechanical modeling of the spine.
过去，已经开发了几种技术来研究和分析人体脊柱的三维特征：多视图射线照相或双平面三维重建、CT扫描三维重建和几何模型。本文介绍了加拿大蒙特利尔圣朱斯汀医院常规使用的其中三种技术的广泛评估。通过将这些方法与使用坐标测量机对从正常尸体脊柱标本中提取的17个胸椎和腰椎（T1-L5）进行的精确测量进行比较，评估了这些方法的准确性。对多视图射线照相三维重建进行了不同X射线视图组合的评估：侧位（LAT）、垂直入射的前后位（PA0度）和向下倾斜20度入射的前后位（PA20度）。从不同射线照相设置获得的这些重建的准确性如下：PA0度-LAT视图组合为2.1±1.5毫米，PA0度-PA20度立体对为5.6±4.5毫米。在后前方向上发现了更高的误差，特别是对于PA0度-PA20度视图组合。椎弓根被发现是最精确的标志。CT扫描三维重建的准确性约为1.1±0.8毫米。至于使用基于每个椎骨六个标志的多视图射线照相重建构建的几何模型，标志的准确性约为2.6±2.4毫米，形态学参数的准确性约为2.3±2.0毫米。几何模型和三维重建技术在低X射线剂量下提供准确信息。用于研究人体脊柱三维特征的技术的准确性评估很重要，因为它允许对脊柱功能障碍及其治疗进行更好、更有效的定量评估，以及对脊柱进行生物力学建模。
