Johnson E O, Roehrs T, Roth T, Breslau N
Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, Mich. 48202-3450, USA.
Sleep. 1998 Mar 15;21(2):178-86. doi: 10.1093/sleep/21.2.178.
In a representative sample of adults 18-45 years of age, this study addressed three questions about the use of sleep aids in the general population: (1) what are the past-year prevalences of the use of alcohol, over-the-counter medication and prescription medication to facilitate sleep? (2) among those who use these substances for sleep problems, what are the patterns of use? and (3) are there social factors, independent of sleep characteristics, that increase the likelihood of alcohol and medication use to aid sleep?
The 1996 Detroit Area Survey was a random-digit-dial, computer-assisted survey of a representative sample of 2,181 adults ages 18-45 in the Detroit primary metropolitan statistical area. Eligible household response rate was 86.8%.
In the general population, use of alcohol and medication as sleep aids in the past year was found to be fairly common: 13% used alcohol, 18% used medications and 5% used both. The prevalence of any substance use to aid sleep was 26%. The duration of use was short for the majority of users, less than 1 week. However, duration of use was greater for the majority of those using prescription sleep aids. A substantial minority of users report regular use lasting longer than 1 month: 15%, 9%, and 36% for alcohol, OTC medications, and prescription medications, respectively. Both sociodemographic and sleep characteristics were associated with alcohol and medication use to aid sleep. Difficulty falling asleep was the factor most strongly associated with use of substances to improve sleep. Sex, race/ethnicity, work shift, marital status and education were also significantly associated with one or more types of sleep aid use adjusting for difficulty falling asleep.
在一个18至45岁成年人的代表性样本中，本研究探讨了关于普通人群使用助眠药物的三个问题：（1）过去一年中使用酒精、非处方药和处方药来促进睡眠的患病率是多少？（2）在那些因睡眠问题使用这些物质的人群中，使用模式是怎样的？以及（3）是否存在独立于睡眠特征的社会因素会增加使用酒精和药物来辅助睡眠的可能性？
1996年底特律地区调查是一项通过随机数字拨号、计算机辅助进行的调查，对象是底特律主要都市统计区2181名18至45岁成年人的代表性样本。符合条件的家庭回应率为86.8%。
在普通人群中，发现过去一年使用酒精和药物作为助眠剂相当普遍：13%的人使用酒精，18%的人使用药物，5%的人两者都用。使用任何物质辅助睡眠的患病率为26%。大多数使用者的使用时间较短，少于1周。然而，大多数使用处方助眠剂的人的使用时间更长。相当一部分使用者报告经常使用持续超过1个月：酒精、非处方药和处方药分别为15%、9%和36%。社会人口统计学特征和睡眠特征都与使用酒精和药物辅助睡眠有关。入睡困难是与使用物质改善睡眠最密切相关的因素。在调整入睡困难因素后，性别、种族/族裔、工作班次、婚姻状况和教育程度也与一种或多种助眠剂的使用显著相关。
