Tanabe S, Senthilkumar K, Kannan K, Subramanian AN
Department of Environment Conservation, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790, Japan
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 May;34(4):387-97. doi: 10.1007/s002449900335.
Persistent organochlorines such as DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in whole-body homogenates of resident and migratory birds collected from South India. Organochlorine contamination pattern in birds varied depending on their migratory behaviour. Resident birds contained relatively greater concentrations of HCHs (14-8,800 ng/g wet wt) than DDTs and PCBs concentrations. In contrast, migrants exhibited elevated concentrations of PCBs (20-4,400 ng/g wet wt). The sex differences in concentrations and burdens of organochlorines in birds were pronounced, with females containing lower levels than males. Inland piscivores and scavengers accumulated greater concentrations of HCHs and DDTs while coastal piscivores contained comparable or greater amounts of PCBs. Global comparison of organochlorine concentrations indicated that resident birds in India had the highest residues of HCHs and moderate to high residues of DDTs. It is, therefore, proposed that migratory birds wintering in India acquire considerable amounts of HCHs and DDTs. Estimates of hazards associated with organochlorine levels in resident and migratory birds in India suggested that Pond Heron, Little Ringed Plover, and Terek Sandpiper may be at risk from exposure to DDTs.
在从印度南部采集的留鸟和候鸟的全身匀浆中，测定了持久性有机氯，如滴滴涕及其代谢物（滴滴涕类）、六氯环己烷异构体（六六六类）、氯丹化合物（氯丹类）、六氯苯（HCB）和多氯联苯（PCBs）。鸟类体内的有机氯污染模式因其迁徙行为而异。留鸟体内六六六类的浓度（14 - 8800纳克/克湿重）相对高于滴滴涕类和多氯联苯的浓度。相比之下，候鸟体内多氯联苯的浓度较高（20 - 4400纳克/克湿重）。鸟类体内有机氯的浓度和负荷存在明显的性别差异，雌性体内的含量低于雄性。内陆食鱼动物和食腐动物积累了较高浓度的六六六类和滴滴涕类，而沿海食鱼动物体内的多氯联苯含量相当或更高。有机氯浓度的全球比较表明，印度的留鸟体内六六六类残留量最高，滴滴涕类残留量为中到高。因此，有人提出在印度越冬的候鸟摄入了大量的六六六类和滴滴涕类。对印度留鸟和候鸟体内有机氯水平相关危害的估计表明，池鹭、环颈鸻和三趾鹬可能面临接触滴滴涕类的风险。
