Kunisue Tatsuya, Minh Tu Binh, Fukuda Kayo, Watanabe Mafumi, Tanabe Shinsuke, Titenko Alexei M
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Apr 1;36(7):1396-404. doi: 10.1021/es011051e.
Concentrations of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), and chlordane compounds (CHLs) were determined in whole body soft tissue homogenates and in muscles of resident and migratory birds collected from Lake Baikal, Russia. The residue pattern in both resident and migratory birds was in the following order: PCBs > DDTs > HCHs > CHLs. OC concentrations in migratory birds varied, depending on the feeding habit. The maximum levels of OCs were found in piscivores, followed by insectivores, omnivores, and herbivores. OC residue levels in Lake Baikal birds were lower than those in the Great Lakes region as well as in other lakes in Europe and Japan. Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in most of the migratory birds collected in the spring were higher than for those collected in the autumn, indicating a notable accumulation in wintering grounds. Compilation and analysis of the available data in fish and birds from Asia suggested that the tropical and subtropical regions in south Asian countries may be a source of pollution for the wintering accumulation of migratory birds from Lake Baikal. Relatively higher compositions of alpha- and gamma-HCH in total HCHs, p,p'-DDT in total DOTs were observed in some migratory species, indicating recent exposure to HCHs and DDTs in Lake Baikal or wintering areas. PCB isomer patterns were different between residents and migrants, with the predominance of lower chlorinated congeners in migratory species, suggesting recent PCB accumulation in stopover sites during wintering. TEQ concentrations of toxic non- and mono-ortho coplanar PCBs in common terns from Lake Baikal were comparable to those reported in some species from Japan, the United States, and Europe. Relative contributions of non-ortho coplanar congeners to toxic equivalents (TEQs) were predominant, in which CB-126 accounted for the highest toxicity contribution. Estimated TEQ concentrations in the common tern from Lake Baikal exceeded the levels associated with enzyme induction in bald eagles. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study showing the seasonal variations of OC accumulation in the birds from Lake Baikal.
在从俄罗斯贝加尔湖采集的留鸟和候鸟的全身软组织匀浆及肌肉中，测定了多氯联苯（PCBs）、滴滴涕及其代谢物（DDTs）、六氯环己烷异构体（HCHs）和氯丹化合物（CHLs）等持久性有机氯（OCs）的浓度。留鸟和候鸟体内的残留模式如下：PCBs＞DDTs＞HCHs＞CHLs。候鸟体内的OC浓度因食性而异。在食鱼鸟类中发现的OC含量最高，其次是食虫鸟类、杂食鸟类和食草鸟类。贝加尔湖鸟类体内的OC残留水平低于五大湖地区以及欧洲和日本的其他湖泊。春季采集的大多数候鸟体内的HCHs和DDTs浓度高于秋季采集的候鸟，这表明在越冬地有明显的积累。对亚洲鱼类和鸟类现有数据的汇编和分析表明，南亚国家的热带和亚热带地区可能是贝加尔湖候鸟越冬积累污染的一个来源。在一些候鸟物种中，观察到总HCHs中α-和γ-HCH的组成相对较高，总滴滴涕中p,p'-DDT的组成相对较高，这表明这些候鸟最近在贝加尔湖或越冬地区接触了HCHs和DDTs。留鸟和候鸟的PCB异构体模式不同，候鸟物种中低氯代同系物占优势，这表明在越冬期间的中途停留地最近有PCB积累。贝加尔湖普通燕鸥体内有毒非邻位和单邻位共平面PCBs的TEQ浓度与日本、美国和欧洲一些物种报告的浓度相当。非邻位共平面同系物对毒性当量（TEQs）的相对贡献占主导地位，其中CB-126的毒性贡献最高。贝加尔湖普通燕鸥的估计TEQ浓度超过了与白头鹰酶诱导相关的水平。据我们所知，这是第一项全面研究贝加尔湖鸟类体内OC积累季节变化的研究。
