Minh Tu Binh, Kunisue Tatsuya, Yen Nguyen Thi Hong, Watanabe Mafumi, Tanabe Shinsuke, Hue Nguyen Duc, Qui Vo
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Oct;21(10):2108-18.
Concentrations of persistent organochlorines (OCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordane compounds (CHLs), were determined in whole-body homogenates of resident and migratory birds collected from the Red River estuary, North Vietnam, during March and October 1997. Contamination pattern was in the order of DDTs > PCBs > HCHs > CHLs > HCB in both resident and migratory birds. Residue concentrations, according to the feeding habit, showed little variability, which may reflect relatively similar trophic levels of the bird species analyzed. Resident birds accumulated greater concentrations of DDTs as compared to migrants. In contrast, HCH residues were greater in migratory species. Higher proportions of p,p'-DDT to total DDT concentrations were found in many species of residents and migrants, indicating recent exposure to technical DDT in northern Vietnam. Congener-specific PCB analysis showed the predominance of penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls in all the species analyzed. Estimation of hepatic microsomal enzyme activities suggested higher metabolic capacity for PCB congeners in shore birds from Vietnam as compared to higher-trophic predator birds and marine mammals. Comparison of OC residues in avian species in Asia-Pacific revealed that DDT residues in resident birds in North Vietnam are among the highest values reported for the countries surveyed, suggesting recent usage of DDT in Vietnam. Available data for birds, fish, and bivalves from the recent Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch Program suggested that Vietnam might be a potential source of DDT contamination in Asian developing countries. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the OC accumulation in avian species from Vietnam.
1997年3月和10月期间，在越南北部红河河口采集了留鸟和候鸟的全身匀浆，测定了其中持久性有机氯（OCs）的浓度，如多氯联苯（PCBs）、1,1,1-三氯-2,2-双（对氯苯基）乙烷（DDT）及其代谢物（DDTs）、六氯环己烷异构体（HCHs）、六氯苯（HCB）和氯丹化合物（CHLs）。留鸟和候鸟体内的污染模式均为DDTs＞PCBs＞HCHs＞CHLs＞HCB。根据食性，残留浓度变化不大，这可能反映了所分析鸟类物种的营养水平相对相似。与候鸟相比，留鸟体内积累的DDTs浓度更高。相反，候鸟体内的HCH残留量更高。在许多留鸟和候鸟物种中，p,p'-DDT占总DDT浓度的比例更高，这表明越南北部近期曾接触过工业DDT。同类物特异性PCB分析表明，在所有分析的物种中，五氯联苯和六氯联苯占主导地位。对肝微粒体酶活性的估计表明，与高营养级食肉鸟类和海洋哺乳动物相比，越南滨鸟对PCB同类物的代谢能力更高。对亚太地区鸟类物种中OC残留的比较表明，越南北部留鸟体内的DDT残留量是所调查国家中报告的最高值之一，这表明越南近期使用过DDT。近期亚太贻贝监测计划中有关鸟类、鱼类和双壳贝类的现有数据表明，越南可能是亚洲发展中国家DDT污染的一个潜在来源。据我们所知，这是越南鸟类物种中OC积累的首次研究。
