Milisav I
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1998;39(4):261-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1998)39:4<261::AID-CM2>3.0.CO;2-6.
Dyneins are large, multisubunit ATPases that interact with microtubules to generate force. Dyneins move eukaryotic cilia and flagella and are in the cytoplasm, where they are involved in the transport of particles and organelles along microtubules and in the transport of condensed chromosomes during mitosis [reviewed in Holzbaur et al., 1994; Gibbons, 1996]. Defects in human axonemal dynein complexes have been shown to be associated with Kartagener's syndrome, which is characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, immotile sperm and situs inversus. Cytoplasmic and axonemal dyneins are composed of heavy, intermediate, and light chains. The best characterised groups of dynein genes so far are those encoding cytoplasmic heavy chains and heavy chains from the outer arms from axonemes. These share extensive sequence similarity and are conserved throughout species. Recently, several genes encoding intermediate and light chains have been identified; these have encoded a remarkable diversity of products, which also seem to be highly conserved between species, although they fall into several complex groups. The structure of dynein heavy chain genes, the emerging knowledge on intermediate and light chain genes and their products, and the possible involvement of dyneins in disease are discussed.
动力蛋白是大型多亚基ATP酶，可与微管相互作用以产生力。动力蛋白驱动真核生物的纤毛和鞭毛运动，并且存在于细胞质中，在那里它们参与沿微管的颗粒和细胞器运输以及有丝分裂期间浓缩染色体的运输[见Holzbaur等人，1994年；Gibbons，1996年的综述]。已证明人类轴丝动力蛋白复合物的缺陷与卡塔格内综合征有关，该综合征的特征是反复呼吸道感染、精子不动和内脏反位。细胞质动力蛋白和轴丝动力蛋白由重链、中间链和轻链组成。迄今为止，特征最明确的动力蛋白基因群体是那些编码细胞质重链和轴丝外臂重链的基因。这些基因具有广泛的序列相似性，并且在整个物种中都保守。最近，已鉴定出几个编码中间链和轻链的基因；这些基因编码的产物具有显著的多样性，尽管它们分为几个复杂的组，但在物种之间似乎也高度保守。本文讨论了动力蛋白重链基因的结构、关于中间链和轻链基因及其产物的新认识以及动力蛋白在疾病中的可能作用。
