Théodoridès J
Recherche honoraire au CNRS, Paris.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1998;91(1):104-8.
Born in 1820 from French parents in Diego Garcia, an islet then linked to Mauritius where he started in Port-Louis his school years, Joseph Désiré Tholozan was an original personality. He undertook medical studies in France (M. D. thesis, Paris, 1843) after having joined the military Health Service (1841) as a surgeon serving in various garrisons in the country and later at the Hospital of the Valde-Grâce in Paris (1849). Successful at the "agrégation" of Medicine in 1853, he later participated to the Crimean War (1854-1855) where he performed-interesting medical observations. In 1858, he was appointed personal physician to Nasreddin Shah and remained in Persia until his death in Teheran (1897) where he is buried. Tholozan published between 1847 and 1892 over fifty articles and books dealing chiefly with infectious pathology and epidemiology, written at a time when microbial etiology and specificity of such diseases were wholly unknown. He considered chiefly bubonic plague, studying as soon as 1871 the focus of the Iranian Kurdistan, a research which will be resumed by M. Baltazard and his collaborators between 1947 and 1971, i.e. a century later. He was also deeply interested by the "oriental" cholera of which he recalled masterly the history and geography in the Near and Middle East. He also performed, while in Crimea and Persia, personal observations on tuberculosis, diptheria, remittent fever, acrodynia and had studied in France in his early years various other diseases such as cutaneous staphylococcic infections, glanders, pulmonary haemorrhagies, etc. In Persia, he reorganized Public Health and medical teaching and educated many local physicians and surgeons. Being assured of the unlimited confidence of the Shah, he played an important cultural role, promoting French influence in Persia. Holder of many French and foreign decorations, Tholozan was Fellow of the French Academies of Sciences and Medicine. His name was given by Laboulbène to Ornithodoros tholozani, a tick vector of a recurrent fever (spirochetosis due to Borrelia persica), of which he had described both the symptoms and the vector in 1882.
约瑟夫·德西雷·托洛赞1820年出生于迪戈加西亚岛，父母是法国人，该岛当时隶属于毛里求斯，他在路易港开始了自己的学业生涯，是个独具个性的人。他在加入军队卫生服务机构（1841年）担任外科医生，在法国各地驻军服役，后来在巴黎的瓦尔德格拉âce医院工作（1849年）之后，前往法国进行医学研究（医学博士论文，巴黎，1843年）。1853年他在医学“教师资格考试”中取得成功，后来参加了克里米亚战争（l854 - 1855年），在那里进行了有趣的医学观察。1858年，他被任命为纳赛尔丁·沙阿的私人医生，并一直留在波斯，直到1897年在德黑兰去世并葬于此处。托洛赞在1847年至1892年间发表了五十多篇文章和书籍，主要涉及传染病病理学和流行病学，这些作品创作于微生物病因学和此类疾病的特异性完全未知的时代。他主要研究腺鼠疫，早在1871年就对伊朗库尔德斯坦的疫源地进行了研究，这项研究在一个世纪后的1947年至1971年间由巴尔塔扎尔先生及其合作者重新开展。他还对“东方”霍乱深感兴趣，精湛地回顾了其在近东和中东地区的历史和地理情况。他在克里米亚和波斯期间，还对结核病、白喉、弛张热、肢端痛进行了个人观察，并在早年在法国研究了各种其他疾病，如皮肤葡萄球菌感染、鼻疽、肺出血等。在波斯，他重组了公共卫生和医学教学，并培养了许多当地的内科医生和外科医生。由于得到沙阿的无限信任，他发挥了重要的文化作用，促进了法国在波斯的影响力。托洛赞获得了许多法国和外国的勋章，是法国科学院和医学科学院的院士。拉布尔贝纳将一种复发性发热（由波斯疏螺旋体引起的螺旋体病）的蜱传播媒介命名为托洛赞钝缘蜱，托洛赞在1882年描述了这种蜱传播媒介的症状和传播媒介。
