自发突变率。
Rates of spontaneous mutation.
作者信息
Drake J W, Charlesworth B, Charlesworth D, Crow J F
机构信息
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233, USA.
出版信息
Genetics. 1998 Apr;148(4):1667-86. doi: 10.1093/genetics/148.4.1667.
Rates of spontaneous mutation per genome as measured in the laboratory are remarkably similar within broad groups of organisms but differ strikingly among groups. Mutation rates in RNA viruses, whose genomes contain ca. 10(4) bases, are roughly 1 per genome per replication for lytic viruses and roughly 0.1 per genome per replication for retroviruses and a retrotransposon. Mutation rates in microbes with DNA-based chromosomes are close to 1/300 per genome per replication; in this group, therefore, rates per base pair vary inversely and hugely as genome sizes vary from 6 x 10(3) to 4 x 10(7) bases or base pairs. Mutation rates in higher eukaryotes are roughly 0.1-100 per genome per sexual generation but are currently indistinguishable from 1/300 per cell division per effective genome (which excludes the fraction of the genome in which most mutations are neutral). It is now possible to specify some of the evolutionary forces that shape these diverse mutation rates.
在实验室中测得的每个基因组的自发突变率，在广泛的生物类群中非常相似，但在不同类群之间却有显著差异。RNA病毒的基因组约含10⁴个碱基，其突变率对于裂解性病毒而言约为每次复制每个基因组1个，对于逆转录病毒和一个反转录转座子而言约为每次复制每个基因组0.1个。具有DNA染色体的微生物的突变率接近每次复制每个基因组1/300；因此，在这个类群中，随着基因组大小从6×10³个碱基或碱基对变化到4×10⁷个碱基或碱基对，每碱基对的突变率呈反比且大幅变化。高等真核生物的突变率约为每个有性生殖世代每个基因组0.1 - 100个，但目前与每个有效基因组每次细胞分裂1/300（这排除了基因组中大多数突变为中性的部分）无法区分。现在有可能明确一些塑造这些不同突变率的进化力量。
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