Drake J W
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 1;90(9):4171-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4171.
Simple methods are presented to estimate rates of spontaneous mutation from mutant frequencies and population parameters in RNA viruses. Published mutant frequencies yield a wide range of mutation rates per genome per replication, mainly because mutational targets have usually been small and, thus, poor samples of the mutability of the average base. Nevertheless, there is a clear central tendency for lytic RNA viruses (bacteriophage Q beta, poliomyelitis, vesicular stomatitis, and influenza A) to display rates of spontaneous mutation of approximately 1 per genome per replication. This rate is some 300-fold higher than previously reported for DNA-based microbes. Lytic RNA viruses thus mutate at a rate close to the maximum value compatible with viability. Retroviruses (spleen necrosis, murine leukemia, Rous sarcoma), however, mutate at an average rate about an order of magnitude lower than lytic RNA viruses.
本文介绍了通过突变频率和群体参数来估算RNA病毒自发突变率的简单方法。已发表的突变频率显示，每个基因组每次复制的突变率范围很广，主要是因为突变靶点通常较小，因此不能很好地代表平均碱基的可突变性。然而，对于裂解性RNA病毒（噬菌体Qβ、脊髓灰质炎病毒、水疱性口炎病毒和甲型流感病毒），明显存在一个中心趋势，即每个基因组每次复制的自发突变率约为1。这个速率比之前报道的基于DNA的微生物的突变率高约300倍。因此，裂解性RNA病毒的突变率接近与生存能力相容的最大值。然而，逆转录病毒（脾坏死病毒、小鼠白血病病毒、劳氏肉瘤病毒）的平均突变率比裂解性RNA病毒低约一个数量级。
