Heus R, Wertheim A H, Havenith G
TNO Human Factors Research Institute, (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research), Department of Work Environment, Soesterberg.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998 Mar;77(4):388-94. doi: 10.1007/s004210050349.
The assumption that working on board ship is more strenuous than comparable work ashore was investigated in this study. Various physiological parameters (VO2, VCO2, VE and HR) have been measured to determine the energy expenditure of subjects walking slowly on a moving platform (ship motion simulator). Twelve subjects (eight men and four women) walked either freely on the floor or on a treadmill at a speed of 1 m x s(-1). Platform motion was either in a heave, pitch or roll mode. These three conditions were compared with a control condition in which the platform remained stationary. The results showed that during pitch and roll movements of the platform, the energy expenditure for the same walking task was about 30% higher than under the stationary control condition (3.6 J x kg[-1] x m[-1] vs 2.5 J x kg[-1] x m[-1], P < 0.05) for both walking on a treadmill and free walking. The heart rate data supported the higher energy expenditure results with an elevation of the heart rate (112 beats x min[-1] vs 103 beats x min[-1], P < 0.05). The heave condition did not differ significantly from the stationary control condition. Pitch and roll were not significantly different from each other. During all experimental conditions free walking resulted in a higher energy cost of walking than treadmill walking (3.5 J x kg[-1] x m[-1] vs 2.7 J x kg[-1] x m[-1], P < 0.05) at the same average speed. The results of this experiment were interpreted as indicating that the muscular effort, needed for maintaining balance when walking on a pitching or rolling platform, resulted in a significantly higher work load than similar walking on a stable or a heaving floor, independent of the mode of walking. These results explain in part the increased fatigue observed when a task is performed on a moving platform.
本研究对在船上工作比在岸上从事类似工作更费力这一假设进行了调查。测量了各种生理参数（VO2、VCO2、VE和HR），以确定受试者在移动平台（船舶运动模拟器）上缓慢行走时的能量消耗。12名受试者（8名男性和4名女性）以1 m x s(-1)的速度在地板上自由行走或在跑步机上行走。平台运动模式为垂荡、纵摇或横摇。将这三种情况与平台保持静止的对照情况进行比较。结果表明，在平台纵摇和横摇运动期间，相同行走任务的能量消耗比静止对照情况下高出约30%（跑步机行走和自由行走时分别为3.6 J x kg[-1] x m[-1] 对2.5 J x kg[-1] x m[-1]，P < 0.05）。心率数据支持了更高能量消耗的结果，心率有所升高（112次/分钟对103次/分钟，P < 0.05）。垂荡情况与静止对照情况没有显著差异。纵摇和横摇之间没有显著差异。在所有实验条件下，相同平均速度时自由行走的能量消耗高于跑步机行走（3.5 J x kg[-1] x m[-1] 对2.7 J x kg[-1] x m[-1]，P < 0.05）。该实验结果被解释为表明，在俯仰或横摇平台上行走时保持平衡所需的肌肉努力导致的工作负荷明显高于在稳定或垂荡地板上的类似行走，与行走方式无关。这些结果部分解释了在移动平台上执行任务时观察到的疲劳增加现象。
