Foley D H, Bryan J H, Yeates D, Saul A
Tropical Health Program ACITHN, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1998 Apr;9(2):262-75. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1997.0457.
Relationships among the genus Anopheles and its many sibling species-groups are obscure despite the importance of anophelines as the vectors of human malaria. For the first time, the interrelationships and the origin of Australasian members of the subgenus Cellia are investigated by a cladistic analysis of sequence variation within the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene. Estimated divergence times between many Australasian and Oriental taxa predate the mid Miocene collision of Australasia and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that two-way exchanges with Oriental mosquitoes rather than only immigration may have been a characteristic of anopheline paleobiogeography in Australasia. The Australasian fauna is mostly included in a large clade. The medically important Punctulatus Group is monophyletic and appears derived from Oriental stock. Populations within this group from as far apart as Australia and Vanuatu were in contact in the recent past (i.e., 0.35-2.44 mya), supporting dispersal rather than vicariance explanations. Some support for the monophyly of the Myzomyia, Neomyzomyia, and Pyretophorus Series was found. However, the subgenera Anopheles and Cellia and the Neocellia Series are paraphyletic, but branch support at these taxonomic levels was poor. The COII gene shows promise for questions concerning alpha taxonomy but appears to be of limited use for resolving deeper relationships within the Anopheles.
尽管按蚊作为人类疟疾的传播媒介非常重要，但按蚊属及其众多近缘物种组之间的关系仍不明确。本文首次通过对线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基II基因序列变异进行分支分析，研究了澳大拉西亚区塞利按蚊亚属成员之间的相互关系及其起源。许多澳大拉西亚区和东洋区分类单元之间的估计分歧时间早于中新世中期澳大拉西亚和东南亚的碰撞。系统发育分析表明，与东洋区蚊子的双向交流而非仅移民可能是澳大拉西亚区按蚊古生物地理学的一个特征。澳大拉西亚区的动物群大多包含在一个大分支中。具有医学重要性的点斑按蚊组是单系的，似乎起源于东洋区种群。该组中相距甚远的澳大利亚和瓦努阿图的种群在最近（即0.35 - 2.44百万年前）有过接触，这支持了扩散而非隔离分化的解释。发现了一些对米赛按蚊系、新米赛按蚊系和疟蚊系单系性的支持。然而，按蚊亚属和塞利按蚊亚属以及新塞利按蚊系是并系的，但这些分类水平上的分支支持较弱。COII基因在解决有关α分类学的问题上显示出前景，但对于解决按蚊属内更深层次的关系似乎用处有限。
