Larsson S, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Wang F Z, Möller E
Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
Transfusion. 1998 Mar;38(3):271-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.38398222871.x.
A poor correlation between cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroreactivity and the risk of CMV transmission prompted an investigation of the presence of CMV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from seropositive and seronegative blood donors. Because latent CMV exists in monocytes, monocyte-enriched cells were analyzed separately.
Samples from 270 blood donors were tested with a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test that detects two CMV genes, and the results were correlated to CMV serology. Cross-reactivity with other herpesvirus genes was not recorded.
PCR testing demonstrated that 71 percent of seropositive donors harbor CMV in PBMNCs. Thus, not all seropositive donors were CMV DNA positive when individual samples were tested. Tests repeated over a period of time showed that all seropositive individuals were positive. Increased sensitivity was obtained with enriched monocytes. Among seronegative donors, 55 percent harbored CMV DNA in monocyte-enriched PBMNCs, while 14 percent had CMV DNA in PBMNCs.
All seropositive donors harbored latently infected PBMNCs, as demonstrated by the testing of samples collected over time. In addition, a substantial proportion of seronegative individuals are CMV carriers and might transfer infection. The findings concur with clinical evidence of CMV transmission by blood components from seronegative individuals and with in vitro reactivation of CMV in PBMNCs from seronegative donors.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）血清反应性与CMV传播风险之间的相关性较差，促使人们对血清反应阳性和阴性献血者外周血单核细胞（PBMNCs）中CMV DNA的存在情况进行调查。由于潜伏性CMV存在于单核细胞中，因此对富含单核细胞的细胞进行了单独分析。
对270名献血者的样本进行了一项灵敏的聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，该检测可检测两种CMV基因，并将结果与CMV血清学结果进行关联。未记录与其他疱疹病毒基因的交叉反应。
PCR检测表明，71%的血清反应阳性献血者的PBMNCs中携带CMV。因此，在对单个样本进行检测时，并非所有血清反应阳性献血者的CMV DNA均为阳性。在一段时间内重复进行检测表明，所有血清反应阳性个体均为阳性。对富含单核细胞的样本检测可提高灵敏度。在血清反应阴性献血者中，55%的富含单核细胞的PBMNCs中携带CMV DNA，而14%的PBMNCs中含有CMV DNA。
随着时间推移对样本进行检测表明，所有血清反应阳性献血者均存在潜伏感染的PBMNCs。此外，相当一部分血清反应阴性个体是CMV携带者，可能会传播感染。这些发现与血清反应阴性个体的血液成分传播CMV的临床证据以及血清反应阴性献血者的PBMNCs中CMV的体外重新激活情况相符。
