为什么男孩比女孩更爱冒险？归因、信念和风险评估的作用。
Why do boys engage in more risk taking than girls? The role of attributions, beliefs, and risk appraisals.
作者信息
Morrongiello B A, Rennie H
机构信息
Case Western Reserve University, USA.
出版信息
J Pediatr Psychol. 1998 Feb;23(1):33-43. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/23.1.33.
OBJECTIVE
Assessed for age and sex differences in school-age children's reporting of injury-risk behaviors, ratings of injury-risk in various play situations, attributions for injuries (self, other, bad luck), and beliefs about their vulnerability to injury in comparison to their peers (more, less, comparable vulnerability).
METHODS
We used a structured interview and drawings that depicted children showing wary or confident facial expressions when engaged in injury-risk play activities.
RESULTS
Children's reported risk taking could be predicted from their risk appraisals, beliefs about the likelihood of injury, and attributions of injuries to bad luck, and these factors resulted 80% correct assignment of cases by sex in a discriminant analysis. The wary affect display resulted in higher injury-risk ratings than the confident display, with this effect being greater for girls than boys.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive-based factors differentiate boys from girls and contribute to sex differences in children's injury-risk behaviors.
目的
评估学龄儿童在报告伤害风险行为、对各种游戏情境中伤害风险的评级、对伤害的归因（自我、他人、运气不好）以及与同龄人相比对自身易受伤害性的信念（更易、不易、相当易受伤害）方面的年龄和性别差异。
方法
我们使用了结构化访谈和图画，这些图画描绘了儿童在进行伤害风险游戏活动时表现出警惕或自信面部表情的情况。
结果
儿童报告的冒险行为可以从他们的风险评估、对受伤可能性的信念以及将伤害归因于运气不好中预测出来，在判别分析中，这些因素对按性别正确分类案例的准确率达80%。警惕的情感表现比自信的表现导致更高的伤害风险评级，且这种影响对女孩比对男孩更大。
结论
基于认知的因素使男孩与女孩有所不同，并导致儿童伤害风险行为的性别差异。
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