Bascomb S, Manafi M
Hygiene Institute, University of Vienna, Austria.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Apr;11(2):318-40. doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.2.318.
The contribution of enzyme tests to the accurate and rapid routine identification of gram-positive cocci is introduced. The current taxonomy of the genera of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cocci based on genotypic and phenotypic characterization is reviewed. The clinical and economic importance of members of these taxa is briefly summarized. Tables summarizing test schemes and kits available for the identification of staphylococci, enterococci, and streptococci on the basis of general requirements, number of tests, number of taxa, test classes, and completion times are discussed. Enzyme tests included in each scheme are compared on the basis of their synthetic moiety. The current understanding of the activity of enzymes important for classification and identification of the major groups, methods of testing, and relevance to the ease and speed of identification are reviewed. Publications describing the use of different identification kits are listed, and overall identification successes and problems are discussed. The relationships between the results of conventional biochemical and rapid enzyme tests are described and considered. The use of synthetic substrates for the detection of glycosidases and peptidases is reviewed, and the advantages of fluorogenic synthetic moieties are discussed. The relevance of enzyme tests to accurate and meaningful rapid routine identification is discussed.
介绍了酶试验对革兰氏阳性球菌准确快速常规鉴定的贡献。综述了基于基因型和表型特征的需氧和兼性厌氧球菌属的当前分类法。简要总结了这些分类单元成员的临床和经济重要性。讨论了根据一般要求、试验数量、分类单元数量、试验类别和完成时间总结用于鉴定葡萄球菌、肠球菌和链球菌的试验方案和试剂盒的表格。根据其合成部分对每个方案中包含的酶试验进行了比较。综述了目前对主要菌群分类和鉴定重要的酶活性、检测方法以及与鉴定的难易程度和速度的相关性的理解。列出了描述使用不同鉴定试剂盒的出版物，并讨论了总体鉴定成功率和问题。描述并考虑了传统生化试验和快速酶试验结果之间的关系。综述了用于检测糖苷酶和肽酶的合成底物的使用，并讨论了荧光合成部分的优点。讨论了酶试验与准确且有意义的快速常规鉴定的相关性。
