Rundell K W, Szmedra L
Sport Science and Technology Division, United States Olympic Committee, Lake Placid, NY, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Apr;30(4):570-6. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199804000-00015.
Since biathlon racing involves cross-country skiing while carrying a minimum weight 3.5-kg rifle, energy cost for rifle carriage could be significant to race outcome. The purposes of this study were to: 1) compare physiological measurements of biathletes roller skiing with and without rifle carriage, 2) compare energy cost of rifle carriage between women and men, 3) examine the relationship of cycle length and cycle rate to energy cost of rifle carriage, and 4) compare physiological measurements to calculated estimates of power requirements of rifle carriage.
We examined metabolic cost of rifle carriage during inclined roller ski-skating. National Team Biathletes (7 W, 8 M) performed treadmill roller ski-skating (2.46, 2.68, and 2.91 m.s-1, 8% incline, 5-min stages) with and without a 3.65 kg rifle.
For W, HR, VO2, and VE during carriage were higher at all speeds, LA was higher at the fastest speed (P < 0.05). For M, VO2 and VE were higher at all speeds, HR and LA were higher at 2.68 and 2.91 m.s-1 (P < 0.05). Rifle mass as percent of body mass was different between W and M (6.6 +/- 0.7% vs 5.0 +/- 0.3%, P < 0.05). Percent increase in VO2 (2.1% and 1.3% per kg load; for W and M, respectively) was not different than rifle mass as percent body wt. Cycle length was related to increased VO2 and LA during rifle carriage for W (r = -0.59 and -0.70 to -0.85), and to LA for M (r = -0.66 to -0.83).
The large range in cost between individuals (0.2 +/- 0.08 and 0.19 +/- 0.17 L.min-1; for W & M, respectively) suggests that individual economies for load carriage can be improved.
由于冬季两项比赛要求运动员在越野滑雪的同时携带至少3.5千克的步枪，携带步枪所消耗的能量对比赛结果可能有重大影响。本研究的目的是：1）比较有枪和无枪情况下冬季两项运动员滑轮滑雪时的生理指标；2）比较男女运动员携带步枪的能量消耗；3）研究步幅长度和步频与携带步枪能量消耗之间的关系；4）将生理指标与携带步枪功率需求的计算估计值进行比较。
我们研究了在倾斜的滑轮滑雪过程中携带步枪的代谢成本。国家冬季两项队运动员（7名女性，8名男性）在跑步机上进行滑轮滑雪（速度分别为2.46、2.68和2.91米/秒，坡度8%，每个阶段持续五分钟），分别在有和没有一支重量为3.65千克的步枪的情况下。
对于女性运动员，在所有速度下携带步枪时的心率、摄氧量和每分通气量均较高；在最快速度下血乳酸浓度较高（P<0.05）。对于男性运动员，在所有速度下摄氧量和每分通气量均较高；在速度为2.68和2.91米/秒时心率和血乳酸浓度较高（P<0.05）。女性和男性携带的步枪重量占体重的百分比不同（分别为6.6±0.7%和5.0±0.3%，P<0.05）。摄氧量的增加百分比（女性和男性每千克负荷分别增加2.1%和1.3%）与步枪重量占体重的百分比无差异。对于女性运动员，步幅长度与携带步枪时摄氧量和血乳酸浓度的增加有关（r=-0.59以及-0.70至-0.85），对于男性运动员，步幅长度与血乳酸浓度的增加有关（r=-0.66至-0.83）。
个体之间的成本差异很大（女性和男性分别为0.2±0.08和0.19±0.17升/分钟），这表明个体携带负荷的经济性可以得到改善。
