Stöggl Thomas, Bishop Phil, Höök Martina, Willis Sarah, Holmberg Hans-Christer
1Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, AUSTRIA; 2Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid-Sweden University, Östersund, SWEDEN; 3Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL; and 4Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, SWEDEN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Mar;47(3):617-24. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000438.
This study aimed to assess the effect of carrying a rifle on the physiological and biomechanical responses of well-trained biathletes.
Ten elite biathletes (five men and five women) performed ski skating with (R) or without a rifle (NR) on a treadmill using the V2 (5° incline) and V1 techniques (8°) at 8 and 6 km·h(-1), respectively, as well as at racing intensity (approximately 95% of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), 10.7 ± 0.8 and 7.7 ± 0.9 km·h(-1), respectively). V˙O2, ventilation (V˙(E)), HR, blood lactate concentration (BLa), and cycle characteristics as well as pole and leg kinetics were evaluated during these trials.
Metabolic data were all higher for R than for NR, as follows: V˙O2, +2.5%; V˙(E), +8.1%; RER, +4.2%; all P < 0.001; HR, +1.7%; and BLa, +15.1%; both P < 0.05. Biomechanically, carrying a rifle reduced cycle time and length, poling and arm swing times, and leg ground contact time and increased cycle rate, the peak and impulse of leg force, average cycle force, and impulse of forefoot force (all P < 0.05). With the exception of elevated pole forces when V2 skating at racing velocity, there were no differences between the peak and impulse of pole force. The difference in V˙(E) between R and NR was greater for the women than that for men (P < 0.05), and the difference in BLa also tended to be larger for the women (P < 0.1).
Carrying a rifle elevated physiological responses, accelerated cycle rate, and involved greater leg work, with no differences between the V1 and V2 techniques.
本研究旨在评估携带步枪对训练有素的冬季两项运动员生理和生物力学反应的影响。
10名优秀冬季两项运动员（5名男性和5名女性）在跑步机上分别以8公里/小时和6公里/小时的速度，采用V2（5°坡度）和V1技术（8°）进行有步枪（R）或无步枪（NR）的滑雪滑行，同时也在比赛强度下（分别约为峰值摄氧量（V˙O2peak）的95%，即10.7±0.8公里/小时和7.7±0.9公里/小时）进行。在这些试验过程中评估了V˙O2、通气量（V˙(E)）、心率（HR）、血乳酸浓度（BLa）、周期特征以及撑杆和腿部动力学。
携带步枪时的代谢数据均高于不携带步枪时，如下：V˙O2升高2.5%；V˙(E)升高8.1%；呼吸交换率（RER）升高4.2%；所有P<0.001；HR升高1.7%；BLa升高15.1%；两者P<0.05。在生物力学方面，携带步枪会缩短周期时间和长度、撑杆和手臂摆动时间以及腿部地面接触时间，并增加周期速率、腿部力量的峰值和冲量、平均周期力以及前脚掌力量的冲量（所有P<0.05）。除了在比赛速度下进行V2滑行时撑杆力升高外，撑杆力的峰值和冲量之间没有差异。携带步枪和不携带步枪时V˙(E)的差异女性大于男性（P<0.05），BLa的差异女性也往往更大（P<0.1）。
携带步枪会提高生理反应，加快周期速率，并涉及更多的腿部做功，V1和V2技术之间没有差异。
