Coughtrie M W, Sharp S, Maxwell K, Innes N P
Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, UK.
Chem Biol Interact. 1998 Feb 20;109(1-3):3-27. doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(97)00117-8.
Sulfation and sulfate conjugate hydrolysis play an important role in metabolism, and are catalysed by members of the sulfotransferase and sulfatase enzyme super-families. In general, sulfation is a deactivating, detoxication pathway, but for some chemicals the sulfate conjugates are much more reactive than the parent compound. The range of compounds which are sulfated is enormous, yet we still understand relatively little of the function of this pathway. This review summarises current knowledge of the sulfation system and the enzymes involved, and illustrates how heterologous expression of sulfotransferases (SULTs) and sulfatases is aiding our appreciation of the properties of these important proteins. The role of sulfation in the bioactivation of procarcinogens and promutagens is discussed, and new data on the inhibition of the sulfotransferase(s) involved by common dietary components such as tea and coffee are presented. The genetic and environmental factors which are known to influence the activity and expression of human SULTs and sulfatases are also reviewed.
硫酸化作用和硫酸酯共轭物水解在新陈代谢中发挥着重要作用，由硫酸转移酶和硫酸酯酶超家族的成员催化。一般来说，硫酸化是一条使化合物失活、解毒的途径，但对于某些化学物质而言，硫酸酯共轭物比母体化合物的反应活性要强得多。发生硫酸化作用的化合物种类繁多，然而我们对该途径的功能仍知之甚少。这篇综述总结了目前关于硫酸化系统及相关酶的知识，并阐述了硫酸转移酶（SULTs）和硫酸酯酶的异源表达如何帮助我们了解这些重要蛋白质的特性。文中讨论了硫酸化作用在致癌物前体和促诱变剂生物活化中的作用，并展示了茶和咖啡等常见膳食成分对相关硫酸转移酶抑制作用的新数据。还综述了已知会影响人类SULTs和硫酸酯酶活性及表达的遗传和环境因素。
