Beach S R, Tesser A, Fincham F D, Jones D J, Johnson D, Whitaker D J
Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-3013, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Apr;74(4):923-38. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.4.923.
In a series of four studies, the self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model is used to predict peoples' self-reported affective responses to doing better or worse than their partners. Both self-protective reactions to comparison (i.e., those predicted by the original SEM model) and empathic reactions to the partner's response (i.e., those predicted by the extended SEM model) were obtained. In addition, as predicted on the basis of both models, comparisons with romantic partners resulted in a different pattern of self-reported affect than did comparisons with strangers. Unexpectedly, it appeared that empathic effects were minimal or absent among dating partners when comparisons were in areas of high self-relevance.
在四项研究中，自我评估维持（SEM）模型被用于预测人们对自己比伴侣表现更好或更差的自我报告情感反应。研究既获得了对比较的自我保护反应（即原始SEM模型预测的反应），也获得了对伴侣反应的共情反应（即扩展SEM模型预测的反应）。此外，正如两个模型所预测的那样，与浪漫伴侣的比较所产生的自我报告情感模式与与陌生人的比较不同。出乎意料的是，当比较涉及高度自我相关领域时，约会伴侣之间的共情效应似乎微乎其微或不存在。
