Fisch R O, Bilek M K, Deinard A S, Chang P N
J Pediatr. 1976 Sep;89(3):494-500. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(76)80562-8.
Perinatal, growth, social, and psychologic data, collected through seven years of age on 144 adopted children and on 288 matched controls as part of a prospective study of 3,120 children, were subjected to statistical analysis. Only single births and healthy children were included. The adopted subjects were divided into two groups: 94 children who were adopted by nonrelatives (77 prior to one year of age and 17 after one year of age); and 50 children who remained with their biologic mothers and were subsequently adopted by stepfathers. Children who were adopted prior to one year of age had significantly higher IQs at four years of age then did their controls; at seven years of age, however, their IQs were similar even though the adopted children were raised in a higher socioeconomic environment. The adopted children had better academic achievement and were taller at four and seven years of age than were the controls. The performance of the children adopted after one year of age, even though they were raised in a higher socioeconomic environment, were, were like those of their controls at both four and seven years of age. The performance of the children who remained with their biologic mothers was similar to that of their controls. Maternal intelligence generally did not correlate well with adopted children's intelligence; however, a specific significant positive correlation could be shown between maternal intelligence and the intelligence of children who remained with their biologic mothers.
作为一项对3120名儿童进行的前瞻性研究的一部分，收集了144名领养儿童和288名匹配对照儿童至7岁的围产期、生长发育、社会和心理数据，并进行了统计分析。仅纳入单胎出生的健康儿童。领养对象分为两组：94名被非亲属领养的儿童（77名在1岁前领养，17名在1岁后领养）；以及50名与亲生母亲生活在一起，随后被继父领养的儿童。1岁前被领养的儿童在4岁时的智商显著高于其对照儿童；然而，在7岁时，尽管领养儿童在更高的社会经济环境中成长，他们的智商却相似。领养儿童在4岁和7岁时的学业成绩更好，身高也比对照儿童更高。1岁后被领养的儿童，尽管他们在更高的社会经济环境中成长，但在4岁和7岁时的表现都与对照儿童相似。与亲生母亲生活在一起的儿童的表现与对照儿童相似。母亲的智力一般与领养儿童的智力相关性不佳；然而，母亲智力与与亲生母亲生活在一起的儿童的智力之间可以显示出特定的显著正相关。
