Tinoco-Ojanguren R, Halperin D C
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Ecosur San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas, Mexico.
Arch Environ Health. 1998 Jan-Feb;53(1):29-35. doi: 10.1080/00039899809605686.
Occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides and its effects on the concentration of erythrocyte cholinesterase in the rural population of Chiapas, Mexico, are described. The authors surveyed agricultural production and pesticide use was surveyed among 199 campesinos (peasants) in three communities that used various agricultural production systems. The authors measured the concentration of the cholinesterase enzyme in blood samples obtained from 65 campesinos before and after exposure to the insecticide. The authors established a comparison value for the population that was not exposed occupationally. The exposure values of the enzyme concentration were significantly lower than preexposure values (p = .00001) and reference group values (p = .0008). Individuals in the community characterized by subsistence production had significantly lower levels of the enzyme than individuals in the other two communities (p = .01). This result suggested that a greater risk of adverse health effects existed among the poorest communities.
本文描述了墨西哥恰帕斯州农村人口职业性接触有机磷农药的情况及其对红细胞胆碱酯酶浓度的影响。作者调查了农业生产情况，并对三个采用不同农业生产系统的社区中的199名农民（campesinos）的农药使用情况进行了调查。作者测量了65名农民在接触杀虫剂前后血液样本中胆碱酯酶的浓度。作者为未从事职业接触的人群设定了一个比较值。酶浓度的接触值显著低于接触前的值（p = .00001）和参考组值（p = .0008）。以自给生产为特征的社区中的个体，其酶水平显著低于其他两个社区中的个体（p = .01）。这一结果表明，最贫困社区中存在更大的健康不良影响风险。
