Sue S
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis 95616-8686, USA.
Am Psychol. 1998 Apr;53(4):440-8. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.53.4.440.
The characteristics involved in cultural competency in psychotherapy and counseling have been difficult to specify. This article describes attempts to study factors associated with cultural competency and addresses 3 questions. First, is ethnic match between therapists and clients associated with treatment outcomes? Second, do clients who use ethnic-specific services exhibit more favorable outcomes than those who use mainstream services? Third, is cognitive match between therapists and clients a predictor of outcomes? The research suggests that match is important in psychotherapy. The cultural competency research has also generated some controversy, and lessons learned from the controversy are discussed. Finally, it is suggested that important and orthogonal ingredients in cultural competency are therapists' scientific mindedness, dynamic-sizing skills, and culture-specific expertise.
心理治疗与咨询中的文化胜任力所涉及的特征一直难以明确。本文描述了研究与文化胜任力相关因素的尝试，并探讨了三个问题。第一，治疗师与来访者之间的种族匹配是否与治疗效果相关？第二，使用特定种族服务的来访者是否比使用主流服务的来访者表现出更有利的治疗效果？第三，治疗师与来访者之间的认知匹配是否是治疗效果的预测指标？研究表明，匹配在心理治疗中很重要。文化胜任力研究也引发了一些争议，并讨论了从争议中吸取的教训。最后，有人提出，文化胜任力中重要且相互独立的要素是治疗师的科学思维、动态评估技能和特定文化专业知识。
