Harris M D, Terrio J, Miser W F, Yetter J F
Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1998 Apr 15;57(8):1907-14, 1924-6.
As more people enjoy the outdoors, high-altitude illness is increasingly becoming a problem that family physicians across the country must treat. High-altitude illness, which usually occurs at altitudes of over 1,500 m (4,921 ft), is caused primarily by hypoxia but is compounded by cold and exposure. It presents as one of three forms: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). But high-altitude illness can have many other manifestations. Cardinal symptoms include dyspnea on exertion and at rest, cough, nausea, difficulty sleeping, headache and mental status changes. Treatment requires descent, and gradual acclimatization provides the most effective prevention. Acetazolimide is an effective preventive aid and can be used in certain conditions as treatment.
随着越来越多的人享受户外活动，高原病日益成为全国全科医生必须治疗的问题。高原病通常发生在海拔超过1500米（4921英尺）的地方，主要由缺氧引起，但寒冷和暴露会使其加重。它表现为三种形式之一：急性高原病（AMS）、高原肺水肿（HAPE）和高原脑水肿（HACE）。但高原病可能还有许多其他表现。主要症状包括运动和休息时的呼吸困难、咳嗽、恶心、睡眠困难、头痛和精神状态改变。治疗需要下山，逐渐适应环境是最有效的预防方法。乙酰唑胺是一种有效的预防辅助药物，在某些情况下可用于治疗。
