Montealegre F, Quiñones C, Michelen V, Bayona M, Fernández-Caldas E, Vazques O, Colón F, Chardón D, García M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ponce School of Medicine, Puerto Rico 00732.
P R Health Sci J. 1997 Dec;16(4):359-67.
In Puerto Rico, although a high prevalence of asthma has been reported, the sensitization rates to aeroallergens in these patients is unknown. The purpose of this study using a case control design, was to determine and compare the rates of sensitization to common aeroallergens in an asthmatic population of 576 asthmatics and 144 healthy controls. A skin prick test was conducted using standardized extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and D. pteronyssinus (Dp), house dust (HD), cat hair and epithelium (CT), dog hair and dander (DG), grass pollen mix (PG), tree pollen mix (PT), weed pollen mix (PW), Aspergillus mix (AM), mold mixes A (MA) and B (MB), Periplaneta americana (PA) and Alternaria-Hormodendrum mix (AH). In addition, an extract from the domestic mite Blomia tropicalis (Bt) was also used. A wheal > or = 3 mm2 was considered a positive reaction. In addition, a standardized questionnaire was administered and a preliminary domestic mite identification survey was conducted. The analysis of the data showed that 85.8% of the asthmatics had at least one positive reaction and 61.6% of them had positive skin reactions to atleast one mite species. Asthmatics reacted to domestic mites 6.19 times more than the control group (p < 0.0001) and was the largest significant difference found in this study for any allergen tested. Preliminary identification of the acarologic fauna in southern Puerto Rico demonstrated that Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and E. maynei are the dominant domestic mite species found in homes of asthmatic individuals. These results demonstrate that domestic mites are a very important source of sensitizing aeroallergens for asthmatic patients in Puerto Rico. Based upon the mite survey, Blomia tropicalis plays an important role in allergic sensitization, in addition to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae. The skin prevalence to pollens and to molds may not reflect the true prevalence of sensitization to these allergens. Pollen identification and counts, and a survey of microflora of Puerto Rico are needed in order to identify and validate important allergens that eventually could be incorporated into a more appropriate panel for testing sensitization in susceptible individuals.
在波多黎各，尽管已有报道称哮喘患病率很高，但这些患者对气传变应原的致敏率尚不清楚。本研究采用病例对照设计，目的是确定并比较576名哮喘患者和144名健康对照组成的哮喘人群中对常见气传变应原的致敏率。使用粉尘螨（Df）、屋尘螨（Dp）、屋尘（HD）、猫毛和上皮（CT）、狗毛和皮屑（DG）、禾本科花粉混合物（PG）、树花粉混合物（PT）、杂草花粉混合物（PW）、曲霉混合物（AM）、霉菌混合物A（MA）和B（MB）、美洲大蠊（PA）以及链格孢-被孢霉混合物（AH）的标准化提取物进行皮肤点刺试验。此外，还使用了来自热带无爪螨（Bt）的提取物。风团≥3平方毫米被视为阳性反应。此外，还发放了一份标准化问卷并进行了初步的家庭螨虫鉴定调查。数据分析表明，85.8%的哮喘患者至少有一次阳性反应，其中61.6%的患者对至少一种螨虫种类有阳性皮肤反应。哮喘患者对家庭螨虫的反应比对照组多6.19倍（p<0.0001），这是本研究中对任何测试变应原发现的最大显著差异。对波多黎各南部螨类动物群的初步鉴定表明，热带无爪螨、屋尘螨、粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨是在哮喘患者家中发现的主要家庭螨虫种类。这些结果表明，家庭螨虫是波多黎各哮喘患者气传致敏变应原的非常重要的来源。基于螨虫调查，除了屋尘螨和粉尘螨外，热带无爪螨在过敏性致敏中也起着重要作用。花粉和霉菌的皮肤患病率可能无法反映对这些变应原致敏的真实患病率。需要进行花粉鉴定和计数以及波多黎各微生物区系调查，以识别并验证最终可纳入更合适检测面板以检测易感个体致敏情况的重要变应原。
