Selim M I, Juchems A M, Popendorf W
Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1998 Apr;59(4):252-6. doi: 10.1080/15428119891010514.
The presence of aflatoxin in corn and corn dust during relatively normal years and the increased risk of Aspergillus flavus infestation during drought conditions suggest that airborne agricultural exposures should be of considerable concern. Liquid extraction, thin layer chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography were used for the analysis of aflatoxin B1 in grain dust and bulk corn samples. A total of 24 samples of airborne dust were collected from 8 farms during harvest, 22 samples from 9 farms during animal feeding, and 14 sets of Andersen samples from 11 farms during bin cleaning. A total of 14 samples of settled dust and 18 samples of bulk corn were also collected and analyzed. The airborne concentration of aflatoxin B1 found in dust collected during harvest and grain unloading ranged from 0.04 to 92 ng/m3. Higher levels of aflatoxin B1 were found in the airborne dust samples collected from enclosed animal feeding buildings (5-421 ng/m3) and during bin cleaning (124-4849 ng/m3). Aflatoxin B1 up to 5100 ng/g were detected in settled dust collected from an enclosed animal feeding building; however, no apparent correlation was found between the airborne concentration of aflatoxin B1 and its concentration in settled dust or bulk corn. The data demonstrate that farmers and farm workers may be exposed to potentially hazardous concentrations of aflatoxin B1, particularly during bin cleaning and animal feeding in enclosed buildings.
在相对正常年份玉米及玉米粉尘中存在黄曲霉毒素，以及干旱条件下黄曲霉菌侵染风险增加，这表明空气中的农业暴露应受到相当的关注。采用液体萃取、薄层色谱法和高压液相色谱法分析谷物粉尘和散装玉米样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1。在收获期间从8个农场共采集了24份空气尘埃样本，在动物饲养期间从9个农场采集了22份样本，在清理粮仓期间从11个农场采集了14套安德森样本。还采集并分析了总共14份沉降粉尘样本和18份散装玉米样本。在收获和谷物卸载期间收集的粉尘中发现的黄曲霉毒素B1空气浓度范围为0.04至92纳克/立方米。在从封闭的动物饲养建筑中收集的空气尘埃样本（5 - 421纳克/立方米）和清理粮仓期间（124 - 4849纳克/立方米）发现了更高水平的黄曲霉毒素B1。在从一个封闭的动物饲养建筑收集的沉降粉尘中检测到高达5100纳克/克的黄曲霉毒素B1；然而，黄曲霉毒素B1的空气浓度与其在沉降粉尘或散装玉米中的浓度之间未发现明显相关性。数据表明，农民和农场工人可能会接触到潜在危险浓度的黄曲霉毒素B1，特别是在封闭建筑中清理粮仓和动物饲养期间。
