Nieman D C, Nehlsen-Cannarella S L, Fagoaga O R, Henson D A, Utter A, Davis J M, Williams F, Butterworth D E
Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 May;30(5):671-8. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199805000-00005.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the influence of exercise mode and 6% carbohydrate (C) versus placebo (P) beverage ingestion, on blood cell counts, plasma glucose, hormone, and inflammatory cytokine responses (five total samples over 9 h) to 2.5 h of high-intensity running and cycling (approximately 75% VO2max) by 10 triathletes who acted as their own controls. Statistical significance was set at P < or = 0.05.
C relative to P ingestion (but not exercise mode) was associated with higher plasma levels of glucose and insulin, lower plasma cortisol and growth hormone, and diminished perturbation in blood immune cell counts. The pattern of change over time for interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly different between C and P conditions (P = 0.021) and between running and cycling modes (P < 0.001), with the lowest postexercise values seen in the C-cycling sessions (10.7 +/- 1.8 pg x mL(-1)) and the highest in the P-running sessions (51.6 +/- 14.2 pg x mL(-1)). The pattern of change over time between C and P conditions (but not modes) was significantly different for IL-1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.003), with values once again lowest for the C-cycling sessions (1.5 h postexercise, 301 +/- 114 pg x mL(-1)) and highest for the P-running sessions (1171 +/- 439 pg x mL(-1)).
These data indicate that carbohydrate versus placebo ingestion (4 mL x kg(-1) carbohydrate or placebo every 15 min of the 2.5-h exercise bout) is associated with higher plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol response, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.
本随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究旨在确定运动模式以及摄入6%碳水化合物（C）饮料与安慰剂（P）饮料，对10名作为自身对照的铁人三项运动员在进行2.5小时高强度跑步和骑行（约75%最大摄氧量）时血细胞计数、血浆葡萄糖、激素及炎症细胞因子反应（9小时内共采集5次样本）的影响。设定统计学显著性水平为P≤0.05。
与摄入安慰剂相比，摄入碳水化合物（而非运动模式）与较高的血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素水平、较低的血浆皮质醇和生长激素水平相关，且血液免疫细胞计数的扰动减小。白细胞介素（IL）-6随时间的变化模式在摄入碳水化合物组与安慰剂组之间（P = 0.021）以及跑步和骑行模式之间（P < 0.001）存在显著差异，运动后值最低的是碳水化合物 - 骑行组（10.7±1.8 pg·mL⁻¹），最高的是安慰剂 - 跑步组（51.6±14.2 pg·mL⁻¹）。IL - 1受体拮抗剂在摄入碳水化合物组与安慰剂组之间（而非运动模式之间）随时间的变化模式存在显著差异（P = 0.003），同样运动后值最低的是碳水化合物 - 骑行组（运动后1.5小时，301±114 pg·mL⁻¹），最高的是安慰剂 - 跑步组（1171±439 pg·mL⁻¹）。
这些数据表明，在2.5小时运动期间每15分钟摄入碳水化合物（4 mL·kg⁻¹碳水化合物或安慰剂）与较高的血浆葡萄糖水平、减弱的皮质醇反应以及减轻的促炎和抗炎细胞因子反应相关。
