Nindl B C, Kraemer W J, Emmert W H, Mazzetti S A, Gotshalk L A, Putukian M, Sebastianelli W J, Patton J F
Noll Physiological Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 May;30(5):769-76. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199805000-00020.
Variations in the density of the fat-free mass (DFFM) across ethnic groups is a critical factor that invalidates the use of body fat equations. It has also been suggested that resistance trained athletes may have higher body densities (BDs) than untrained subjects. Thus, the validity of using anthropometric (ANT) equations, which have mainly been derived on white nonathletic groups, has been questioned for athletic white and black men. This study compared BD and percent body fat (%BF) between 34 white (20 +/- 1 yr, 184 +/- 11 cm, 84 +/- 12 kg, 25 +/- 3 BMI) and 30 black (20 +/- 1 yr, 182 +/- 9 cm, 84 +/- 12 kg, 25 +/- 2 BMI) male collegiate athletes and determined the accuracy of 5 ANT equations in estimating %BF. Subjects were underwater weighed (UWW), and skinfold measurements were obtained from the chest, mid-axillary, abdomen, suprailiac, subscapula, triceps, and thigh. BD was obtained from UWW and estimated from the five skinfold equations. From UWW, significant (P < or = 0.05) differences were found for BD (1.075 +/- 0.007 vs 1.0817 +/- 0.009), but not for %BF (10.49 +/- 2.8 vs 11.59 +/- 3.4) for white and black subjects, respectively. Differences were noted for subcutaneous skinfold sites (abdominal (vertical), suprailiac, and thigh), sum of three and seven skinfolds, and proportion of subscapular subcutaneous fat. One out of five and five out of five ANT equations (Siri conversions) yielded significantly lower estimates compared with UWW %BF for the white and black athletes, respectively. Use of the Schutte equation for the black athletes resulted in overpredictions of %BF for five out of five equations. In addition, the Schutte equation offered slightly greater accuracy than did the Siri equation for estimating %BF in black athletes. These data confirm earlier concerns that ANT equations derived on general populations may not be as accurate for athletic populations and also suggest that correction equations are necessary for converting BD into %BF for populations differing with respect to race or training status.
不同种族间去脂体重密度（DFFM）的差异是一个关键因素，它使得身体脂肪方程的应用不再有效。也有人提出，经过抗阻训练的运动员可能比未经训练的受试者具有更高的身体密度（BD）。因此，主要基于白人非运动员群体得出的人体测量学（ANT）方程对于白人及黑人男性运动员的有效性受到了质疑。本研究比较了34名白人（20±1岁，184±11厘米，84±12千克，25±3体重指数）和30名黑人（20±1岁，182±9厘米，84±12千克，25±2体重指数）男性大学生运动员的身体密度和体脂百分比（%BF），并确定了5个ANT方程在估计%BF方面的准确性。对受试者进行了水下称重（UWW），并从胸部、腋中、腹部、髂嵴上、肩胛下、肱三头肌和大腿处测量皮褶厚度。身体密度通过UWW获得，并根据五个皮褶方程进行估计。通过UWW发现，白人和黑人受试者的身体密度存在显著（P≤0.05）差异（分别为1.075±0.007和1.0817±0.009），但体脂百分比无显著差异（分别为10.49±2.8和11.59±3.4）。在皮下皮褶部位（腹部（垂直）、髂嵴上和大腿）、三个和七个皮褶的总和以及肩胛下皮下脂肪比例方面存在差异。五个ANT方程中的一个以及五个Siri转换方程中的五个分别对白人和黑人运动员得出的估计值显著低于UWW测得的%BF。对黑人运动员使用舒特方程导致五个方程中有五个对%BF的预测过高。此外，在估计黑人运动员的%BF时，舒特方程比Siri方程的准确性略高。这些数据证实了早期的担忧，即基于普通人群得出的ANT方程对运动员群体可能不那么准确，并且还表明对于不同种族或训练状态的人群，需要校正方程将身体密度转换为体脂百分比。
