Selby M J, Azrin R L
California State University, San Luis Obispo, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 Mar 1;50(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00002-7.
The present study examined differences in neuropsychological performance among chronic cocaine, alcohol, and polysubstance abusers. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was completed by 355 incarcerated adult male felons who were classified by DSM-IV criteria into four subgroups: (1) alcohol dependence or abuse (ETOH) (n = 101), (2) cocaine dependence or abuse (COC) (n = 60), (3) polysubstance dependence or abuse (POLY (n = 56), and (4) a group of age and education matched adult male felons with no history of drug abuse (n = 138). Results showed no significant differences in neuropsychological performance between COC and control subjects. However, both the POLY and ETOH groups were found to perform significantly worse on nearly all measures compared to the COC and control groups. Further, analysis of neuropsychological domains showed the POLY group to perform significantly worse compared to the other groups in the areas of short-term memory, long-term memory and visual motor ability. Correlations between neuropsychological performance and length of abstinence from drug use showed the ETOH group to have made the greatest amount of improvement on individual measures and domains. The COC group showed the least amount of improvement, but their performance was not significantly different from controls. Results provide further support for the differential effects of drug use on neuropsychological functioning.
本研究考察了慢性可卡因、酒精和多种物质滥用者在神经心理学表现上的差异。355名被监禁的成年男性重罪犯完成了一套全面的神经心理学测试，这些人根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准被分为四个亚组：（1）酒精依赖或滥用组（ETOH）（n = 101），（2）可卡因依赖或滥用组（COC）（n = 60），（3）多种物质依赖或滥用组（POLY）（n = 56），以及（4）一组年龄和教育程度相匹配且无药物滥用史的成年男性重罪犯（n = 138）。结果显示，COC组与对照组在神经心理学表现上没有显著差异。然而，与COC组和对照组相比，POLY组和ETOH组在几乎所有测试指标上的表现都显著更差。此外，对神经心理学领域的分析表明，POLY组在短期记忆、长期记忆和视觉运动能力方面的表现明显比其他组差。神经心理学表现与戒毒时间之间的相关性表明，ETOH组在各项测试指标和领域上的改善程度最大。COC组的改善程度最小，但其表现与对照组没有显著差异。研究结果为药物使用对神经心理功能的不同影响提供了进一步的支持。
