Sprigings E J, Lanovaz J L, Watson L G, Russell K W
College of Physical Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
J Biomech. 1998 Jan;31(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(97)00110-3.
In the rings event in men's gymnastics, marks are deducted if the rings and gymnast are swinging during a held handstand position. The unwanted swing can be reduced in the next handstand position if the gymnast is able to properly time the start of the connecting giant circle. The purpose of this study was to search for the optimal time to commence a backward giant circle in order to attenuate swing in the succeeding handstand. Computer simulations, using a four-segment and a three-segment model which employed two-pulse muscular control strategies, were used to search for the optimal timing solution. Qualitative validation tests between the performance of a world class gymnast and the simulation models indicated that a three-segment model comprising a cables-rings segment, an arms segment with a shoulder torque generator, and a head-torso-legs segment, produced similar results to that of a four-segment model which separated the legs segment from the torso and employed an additional torque generator at the hip joint. The results from the simulation indicated that a gymnast should be advised to initiate a backward giant circle when his swinging handstand has reached the bottom of its swing-arc. For a handstand with an original swing-amplitude of 10 degrees, the simulation results indicate that a properly timed backward giant circle can reduce this amplitude to a negligible 1.5 degrees of swing.
在男子体操吊环项目中，如果在保持倒立姿势时吊环和体操运动员出现摆动，会被扣分。如果体操运动员能够恰当地把握连接大回环开始的时机，在下一个倒立姿势中不必要的摆动就可以减少。本研究的目的是寻找开始向后大回环的最佳时机，以减弱后续倒立中的摆动。使用采用双脉冲肌肉控制策略的四段模型和三段模型进行计算机模拟，以寻找最佳时机解决方案。世界级体操运动员的表现与模拟模型之间的定性验证测试表明，一个由缆绳 - 吊环段、带有肩部扭矩发生器的手臂段和头 - 躯干 - 腿部段组成的三段模型，产生的结果与一个将腿部段与躯干分开并在髋关节处使用额外扭矩发生器的四段模型相似。模拟结果表明，应建议体操运动员在其摆动倒立到达摆动弧底部时开始向后大回环。对于初始摆动幅度为10度的倒立，模拟结果表明，时机把握恰当的向后大回环可以将该幅度减小到可忽略不计的1.5度摆动。
