Malíř Roman, Chrudimský Jan, Šteffl Michal, Stastny Petr
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
Sports (Basel). 2023 Feb 22;11(3):50. doi: 10.3390/sports11030050.
Still rings are a unique gymnastics apparatus allowing for a combination of dynamic and static elements in a specific technique. This review aimed to compile the dynamic, kinematic, and EMG characteristics of swing, dismount, handstand, strength, and hold elements on still rings. This systematic review was conducted in concordance with PRISMA in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. In total, 37 studies were included, describing the strength and hold elements, the kip and swing elements, swing through or to handstand, and dismounts. The current evidence suggests that the execution of gymnastics elements on still rings and training drills requires a high training load. Specific preconditioning exercises could be used to train for the Swallow, iron cross, and support scale. Negative impacts of load during hold elements can be reduced by special support devices such as the Herdos or support belts. Another aspect is improving strength prerequisites by exercises such as bench presses, barbell exercises, and support belts, where the main focus should be on muscular coordination similar to the other considerable elements. Electromyography is an appropriate tool for the investigation of muscular coordination and force platforms for assessing a sufficient strength level to successfully perform elements on still rings.
吊环是一种独特的体操器械，能在特定技术中结合动态和静态元素。本综述旨在汇总吊环上摆动、下法、倒立、力量和支撑动作的动力学、运动学及肌电图特征。本系统综述按照PRISMA标准在PubMed、EBSCOhost、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行。总共纳入了37项研究，内容涉及力量和支撑动作、屈伸上和摆动动作、摆越成或摆越至倒立以及下法。目前的证据表明，在吊环上完成体操动作和进行训练需要很高的训练负荷。可以使用特定的预处理练习来训练燕式平衡、十字支撑和支撑慢起手倒立。通过特殊的支撑装置，如赫多斯支撑器或支撑带，可以减少支撑动作时负荷带来的负面影响。另一个方面是通过诸如卧推、杠铃练习和支撑带等练习来提高力量前提条件，其中主要重点应放在与其他重要动作类似的肌肉协调上。肌电图是研究肌肉协调的合适工具，而测力平台则用于评估成功完成吊环动作所需的足够力量水平。
