Gasper K, Clore G L
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 May;74(5):1350-63. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1350.
Three experiments investigated how trait anxiety would influence individuals' assumptions about the relevance of their experiences of state anxiety for judgments of risk. Experiment 1 found that attributions of state anxiety to a judgment-irrelevant source reduced the risk estimates of low, but not of high, trait-anxious individuals. The results of Experiment 2 suggest that attribution manipulations reduce the influence of state affect on judgment only when the state affect is inconsistent with participants' trait affect. Experiment 3 revealed that these effects can be controlled by explicitly manipulating participants' assumptions about the relevance of their feelings. Regardless of the level of trait anxiety, attributions were effective at reducing mood effects when facts, but not feelings, were assumed to be the relevant basis for judgment. Overall, the results suggest that trait-consistent affect is more readily assumed to be informative and hence is more likely to be relied on than trait-inconsistent affect.
三项实验研究了特质焦虑如何影响个体对于其状态焦虑体验与风险判断相关性的假设。实验1发现，将状态焦虑归因于与判断无关的来源会降低低特质焦虑个体的风险估计，但不会降低高特质焦虑个体的风险估计。实验2的结果表明，只有当状态情绪与参与者的特质情绪不一致时，归因操纵才会减少状态情绪对判断的影响。实验3表明，这些效应可以通过明确操纵参与者对其感受相关性的假设来控制。无论特质焦虑水平如何，当事实而非感受被假定为判断的相关依据时，归因在减少情绪效应方面是有效的。总体而言，结果表明特质一致的情绪更容易被认为具有信息价值，因此比特质不一致的情绪更有可能被依赖。
