Kryshev I I, Romanov G N, Sazykina T G, Isaeva L N, Trabalka J R, Blaylock B G
Institute of Experimental Meteorology, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia.
Health Phys. 1998 Jun;74(6):687-97. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199806000-00006.
The Southern Urals in Russia was contaminated by radioactive discharges into the Techa River (1949-1956), the Kyshtym accident (1957), and the current releases and discharges from the Mayak Nuclear Materials Production Complex. In this paper, the consequences of radioactive contamination of the Ural region are analyzed. The current content of 90Sr in the components of food chains is as follows (Bq kg(-1) wet weight): potatoes, 0.2-6.7; grain, 0.5-12.6; milk, 0.2-6.3; beef, 0.2-1.7; lake water, 0.12-1.0; river water, 0.2-8.5; fish, 7-480; mushrooms, 400-1,100; and berries, 700-16,000. The content of 137Cs is as follows: potatoes, 0.5-3.8; grain, 0.3-2.9; milk, 0.2-4.5; beef, 0.3-2.6; lake and river water, 0.002-0.019; fish, 2-32; mushrooms, 110-1,600; and berries, 150. A major fraction of the dose to humans comes from the consumption of local food products, including natural ones, which have higher contamination levels than agricultural products. The average annual dose rates in contaminated areas are (0.5-4) x 10(-4) Sv y(-1), which is lower by a factor of 10(2)-10(4) than in the periods of "acute" exposure (1950-1951 and 1957-1958). Natural organisms received very high doses up to 200-800 Gy resulting from radioactive discharges into the Techa River and the radiation accident in 1957. In all cases, including the "acute" exposure followed by the chronic irradiation, the doses to biota were by a factor of 10-10(3) higher than those to humans.
俄罗斯南乌拉尔地区因向捷恰河排放放射性物质（1949 - 1956年）、克什特姆事故（1957年）以及马亚克核材料生产联合体当前的排放而受到污染。本文分析了乌拉尔地区放射性污染的后果。食物链各组成部分中90Sr的当前含量如下（贝克勒尔/千克湿重）：土豆，0.2 - 6.7；谷物，0.5 - 12.6；牛奶，0.2 - 6.3；牛肉，0.2 - 1.7；湖水，0.12 - 1.0；河水，0.2 - 8.5；鱼类，7 - 480；蘑菇，400 - 1100；以及浆果，700 - 16000。137Cs的含量如下：土豆，0.5 - 3.8；谷物，0.3 - 2.9；牛奶，0.2 - 4.5；牛肉，0.3 - 2.6；湖水和河水，0.002 - 0.019；鱼类，2 - 32；蘑菇，110 - 1600；以及浆果，150。人类所受剂量的很大一部分来自食用当地食品，包括天然食品，这些食品的污染水平高于农产品。受污染地区的年平均剂量率为(0.5 - 4)×10−4 希沃特/年，比“急性”暴露时期（1950 - 1951年和1957 - 1958年）低102 - 104倍。由于向捷恰河排放放射性物质以及1957年的辐射事故，天然生物受到高达200 - 800戈瑞的极高剂量照射。在所有情况下，包括“急性”暴露后接着慢性照射，生物群所受剂量比人类所受剂量高10 - 103倍。
