Oplatka A
Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 19;246(2):301-6. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8424.
Biological motors are generally divided into two classes: 1) rotary motors. These include ATP synthase (F0-F1) and the bacterial flagellar motor which are driven by proton and Na+ gradients., 2) linear motors. Myosin, kinesin and dynein are considered to be such motors, F-actin and microtubules serving as passive "tracks". However, data is presented which suggests that the actin filaments rotate in shortening muscle. Microtubules also have been reported to rotate upon interacting with kinesin and dynein. Axial protein rotation thus appears to be a common fundamental characteristic of actin- and of microtubule-based motility systems, in addition to F0-F1 and the bacterial motor. An analysis is carried out of the way ATP hydrolysis and randomly moving protons can induce rotation. It is concluded that all four engines are driven by water jets, thus operating like water turbines.
1）旋转马达。这些包括由质子和钠离子梯度驱动的ATP合酶（F0 - F1）和细菌鞭毛马达。2）线性马达。肌球蛋白、驱动蛋白和动力蛋白被认为是这类马达，F - 肌动蛋白和微管充当被动的“轨道”。然而，所呈现的数据表明肌动蛋白丝在收缩肌肉中会旋转。也有报道称微管在与驱动蛋白和动力蛋白相互作用时会旋转。因此，除了F0 - F1和细菌马达外，轴向蛋白质旋转似乎是基于肌动蛋白和基于微管的运动系统的一个共同基本特征。对ATP水解和随机移动的质子如何诱导旋转进行了分析。得出的结论是，所有这四种引擎都是由水射流驱动的，因此其运作方式类似于水轮机。
