Appleby P N, Thorogood M, Mann J I, Key T J
Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 May;22(5):454-60. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800607.
To examine the associations of diet and other lifestyle factors with body mass index (BMI) using data from the Oxford Vegetarian Study.
1914 male and 3378 female non-smokers aged 20-89 y at recruitment to the study.
All subjects completed a diet/lifestyle questionnaire at recruitment giving details of their usual diet and other characteristics including height and weight, smoking and drinking habits, amount of exercise, occupation and reproductive history. Answers to the food frequency questionnaire were used to classify subjects as either meat eaters or non-meat eaters, and to estimate intakes of animal fat and dietary fibre. Subjects were further classified according to their alcohol consumption, exercise level, social class, past smoking habits and parity.
Mean BMI was lower in non-meat eaters than in meat eaters in all age groups for both men and women. Overall age-adjusted mean BMIs in kg/m2 were 23.18 and 22.05 for male meat eaters and non-meat eaters respectively (P < 0.0001) and 22.32 and 21.32 for female meat eaters and non-meat eaters respectively (P < 0.0001). In addition to meat consumption, dietary fibre intake, animal fat intake, social class and past smoking were all independently associated with BMI in both men and women; alcohol consumption was independently associated with BMI in men, and parity was independently associated with BMI in women. After adjusting for these factors, the differences in mean BMI between meat eaters and non-meat eaters were reduced by 36% in men and 31% in women.
Non-meat eaters are thinner than meat eaters. This may be partly due to a higher intake of dietary fibre, a lower intake of animal fat, and only in men a lower intake of alcohol.
利用牛津素食研究的数据，探讨饮食及其他生活方式因素与体重指数（BMI）之间的关联。
1914名男性和3378名女性非吸烟者，招募时年龄在20 - 89岁。
所有对象在招募时完成了一份饮食/生活方式问卷，详细说明了他们平常的饮食及其他特征，包括身高、体重、吸烟和饮酒习惯、运动量、职业和生育史。食物频率问卷的答案用于将对象分为肉食者或非肉食者，并估计动物脂肪和膳食纤维的摄入量。对象还根据饮酒量、运动水平、社会阶层、既往吸烟习惯和生育情况进一步分类。
在所有年龄组中，男性和女性非肉食者的平均BMI均低于肉食者。总体年龄调整后的平均BMI（kg/m²），男性肉食者和非肉食者分别为23.18和22.05（P < 0.0001），女性肉食者和非肉食者分别为22.32和21.32（P < 0.0001）。除肉类消费外，膳食纤维摄入量、动物脂肪摄入量、社会阶层和既往吸烟在男性和女性中均与BMI独立相关；饮酒量在男性中与BMI独立相关，生育情况在女性中与BMI独立相关。在对这些因素进行调整后，肉食者和非肉食者之间平均BMI的差异在男性中降低了36%，在女性中降低了31%。
非肉食者比肉食者瘦。这可能部分归因于膳食纤维摄入量较高、动物脂肪摄入量较低，且仅在男性中酒精摄入量较低。
