Katan M B, Grundy S M, Willett W C
Landbouwuniversiteit, afd. Humane Voeding en Epidemiologie, Wageningen.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Apr 18;142(16):886-9.
Current dietary advice with a view to avoiding cardiovascular pathology is to replace fatty foodstuffs and those rich in saturated fat and cholesterol by food rich in complex carbohydrates. Although substitution of carbohydrates for fat lowers the blood level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, it also lowers the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, thereby adversely influencing the risk profile for cardiovascular disease. Neither does a low fat diet appear to reduce obesity, another risk factor. A modern advice based on published research reads: obese persons should reduce their intake of saturated and trans-fatty acids by lowering the consumption of dairy fat, meat and hardened oils (bakery products and catering products fried in hardened fats), and in addition should consume less products with added sugars and refined starch. Carbohydrates should be provided by fruits, vegetables, leguminous plants and whole-wheat products. Persons of about the ideal weight should replace saturated and trans-fatty acids in their diet by unsaturated plant oils, and products with refined carbohydrates by fruits, vegetables and whole-wheat products.
当前旨在避免心血管疾病的饮食建议是，用富含复合碳水化合物的食物替代富含脂肪、饱和脂肪和胆固醇的食物。虽然用碳水化合物替代脂肪会降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇的血液水平，但它也会降低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇的水平，从而对心血管疾病的风险状况产生不利影响。低脂饮食似乎也不能降低肥胖这一另一个风险因素。基于已发表研究的现代建议如下：肥胖者应通过减少食用乳脂肪、肉类和硬化油（用硬化脂肪油炸的烘焙食品和餐饮产品）来减少饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的摄入量，此外还应减少食用添加糖和精制淀粉的产品。碳水化合物应来自水果、蔬菜、豆类植物和全麦产品。体重约为理想体重的人应在饮食中用不饱和植物油替代饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸，并用水果、蔬菜和全麦产品替代精制碳水化合物产品。
