Souza S W, Ross J, Milner R D
Arch Dis Child. 1976 Aug;51(8):624-7. doi: 10.1136/adc.51.8.624.
Alterations of head shape in preterm, small-for-dates, and term normal infants were studied by measuring occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) at intervals after birth. In 9 preterm infants born by elective caesarean section ther was a 5-2% reduction in BPD and 2-0% reduction in OFC at the age of 7 days. In 18 term infants born by elective caesarean section these changes were 2-4% and 0% respectively in BPD and OFC. In 25 preterm infants born by vertex vaginal delivery there was a significant fall in OFC of 0-7% at the age of 7 days and of 2-4% in BPD, but no significant change in OFD. In 19 small-for-dates infants born vaginally OFC increased 1-0% and OFD 2-7% at 7 days, but BPD decreased 2-5%. After the first week all three measurements increased in both groups of vaginal deliveries. The results show that shrinkage and biparietal flattening of the skull occur during the first week of life in preterm and term infants born by caesarean section and in preterm infants born vaginally. This fact should be borne in mind when comparing the measurements of an infant's head size with published norms.
通过在出生后的不同时间间隔测量枕额周长（OFC）、双顶径（BPD）和枕额径（OFD），研究了早产儿、小于胎龄儿和足月儿正常婴儿的头部形状变化。9例择期剖宫产出生的早产儿在7日龄时BPD降低5 - 2%，OFC降低2 - 0%。18例择期剖宫产出生的足月儿，BPD和OFC的这些变化分别为2 - 4%和0%。25例经阴道顺产的早产儿在7日龄时OFC显著下降0 - 7%，BPD下降2 - 4%，但OFD无显著变化。19例经阴道出生的小于胎龄儿在7日龄时OFC增加1 - 0%，OFD增加2 - 7%，但BPD下降2 - 5%。第一周后，两组经阴道分娩的婴儿这三项测量值均增加。结果表明，剖宫产出生的早产儿和足月儿以及经阴道出生的早产儿在出生后的第一周内会出现颅骨收缩和双顶径变平的情况。在将婴儿头部尺寸测量值与已发表的标准进行比较时，应牢记这一事实。
