Repair of ventricular septal defect in the first two years of life using profound hypothermia-circulatory arrest techniques.

Ventricular septal defect repair had been performed in 57 infants ages 21 days to 21 months and under 10 kg in weight using profound hypothermia-circulatory arrest technics. Severe congestive heart failure was the indication for operation in all but two infants under 6 months of age, and in those under 3 months there was usually an associated moderate or large sized atrial septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus or a coarctation. In infants over 6 months controlled heart failure was accompanied by failure to thrive and often recurrent respiratory infections. The main indication for surgery in three infants was repeated severe respiratory infections and in 7 infants, ages 10-15 months, an elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance of 6 units M2 or more. There were two hospital deaths among the 49 infants without coarctation (ages 6 and 20 months) and two among the 8 with coarctation. Postoperative respiratory and other complications were uncommon. On late review there was no significant residual VSD amongst the 11 recatheterized patients. Psychometric studies in 19 children who had reached the age of three to four years gave no evidence of cerebral damage due to the circulatory arrest period. In view of these results palliative pulmonary artery banding is no longer performed for VSD in infancy unless there is a Swiss cheese septum or an associated severe coarctation.